Shloka 28

नाविद्यत तदा विप्रा: संचयस्तन्निबोधत । क्षीणौषधिसमावेशे द्रव्यहीनो5भवत्‌ तदा,ब्राह्मणो! सुनो। एक समय वहाँ बड़ा भयंकर अकाल पड़ा। उन दिनों उन धर्मात्मा ब्राह्मणके पास अन्नका संग्रह तो था नहीं, खेतोंका अन्न भी सूख गया था। अतः वे सर्वथा निर्धन हो गये थे

na avidyat tadā viprāḥ sañcayas tan nibodhata | kṣīṇauṣadhi-samāveśe dravya-hīno 'bhavat tadā brāhmaṇo, suno | eka-samaye tatra mahān bhayaṅkaraḥ akālaḥ apatat | teṣu dineṣu dharmātmanaḥ brāhmaṇasya anna-sañcayo na āsīt, kṣetra-annaṃ ca śuṣyati sma | ataḥ sa sarvathā nirdhano 'bhavat |

Nakula said: “Understand this: at that time the brahmins had no stored provisions. When the herbs and crops had withered away, that brahmin became bereft of all resources, O son. Once, a great and dreadful famine struck there. In those days the righteous brahmin had no reserve of grain, and the produce of the fields had dried up; thus he became completely impoverished.”

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अविद्यतwas known / was found
अविद्यत:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3, singular, Parasmaipada
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
विप्राःbrahmins
विप्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
संचयःstore, stockpile
संचयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंचय
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formneuter, accusative, singular
निबोधतunderstand, take note
निबोधत:
TypeVerb
Rootबुध्
FormImperative (Loṭ), 2, plural, Parasmaipada
क्षीणwhen (it was) exhausted
क्षीण:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षीण
FormPPP (क्त) from √क्षि, neuter, locative, singular
औषधिof herbs/vegetation (crops)
औषधि:
TypeNoun
Rootऔषधि
Formfeminine, genitive, singular
समावेशेin the condition/state (of being gathered/available)
समावेशे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमावेश
Formmasculine, locative, singular
द्रव्यहीनःdevoid of wealth/resources
द्रव्यहीनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootद्रव्यहीन
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
अभवत्became
अभवत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3, singular, Parasmaipada
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
ब्राह्मणःthe brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
सुनोhear
सुनो:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormImperative (Loṭ), 2, singular, Parasmaipada

नकुल उवाच

N
Nakula
V
viprāḥ (brahmins)
B
brāhmaṇaḥ (a brahmin)
A
akālaḥ (famine)

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds how external calamity (famine) can strip even a righteous person of material support, setting the ethical stage for dharmic choices under scarcity—where virtue is tested not in abundance but in deprivation.

Nakula describes a severe famine: crops and herbs have dried up, there is no stored grain among the brahmins, and a particular righteous brahmin becomes completely destitute—preparing the context for subsequent actions and moral decisions.