HomeMahabharataAdi ParvaAdhyaya 1Shloka 194
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Shloka 194

अनुक्रमणिकाध्यायः (Anukramaṇikā Adhyāya) — Invocation, Narrator Frame, and Textual Scope

यदाओष॑ श्रान्तहये धनज्जये मुक्त्वा हयान्‌ पाययित्वोपवृत्तान्‌ | पुनर्युक्त्वा वासुदेवं प्रयातं तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय,युद्धभूमिमें धनज्जय अर्जुनके घोड़े अत्यन्त श्रान्त और प्याससे व्याकुल हो रहे थे। स्वयं श्रीकृष्णने उन्हें रथसे खोलकर पानी पिलाया। फिरसे रथके निकट लाकर उन्हें जोत दिया और अर्जुनसहित वे सकुशल लौट गये। जब मैंने यह बात सुनी, संजय! तभी मेरी विजयकी आशा समाप्त हो गयी

yadāśu śrāntahaye dhanañjaye muktvā hayān pāyayitvopavṛttān | punar yuktvā vāsudevaṃ prayātaṃ tadā nāśaṃse vijayāya sañjaya ||

When Dhanañjaya (Arjuna) had horses that were quickly exhausted, Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa) unyoked them, gave them water, and let them recover. Then, yoking them again, he set out and returned safely with Arjuna. Hearing of this, O Sañjaya, I lost all hope of victory—for it revealed the steadfast care, competence, and devoted support that stood behind Arjuna in battle.

यदाwhen
यदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
ओषindeed/then (particle; reading uncertain)
ओष:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootओष
श्रान्त-हयेin (the chariot) with tired horses / when the horses were tired
श्रान्त-हये:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रान्तहय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
धनञ्जयेin/with Dhanañjaya (Arjuna)
धनञ्जये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधनञ्जय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
मुक्त्वाhaving released
मुक्त्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootमुच्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
हयान्horses
हयान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पाययित्वाhaving made (them) drink / having watered
पाययित्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootपा (पिबति) / पाययति (caus.)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Causative
उपवृत्तान्rested/returned/come near (reading-dependent)
उपवृत्तान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउपवृत्त
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
युक्त्वाhaving yoked/harnessed
युक्त्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootयुज्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
वासुदेवम्Vāsudeva (Krishna)
वासुदेवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवासुदेव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रयातम्gone forth/departed (as one who had departed)
प्रयातम्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रयात
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आशंसेI hope/expect
आशंसे:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-शंस्
FormLat (present), Ātmanepada, 1st, Singular
विजयायfor victory
विजयाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootविजय
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
संजयO Sañjaya
संजय:
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
A
Arjuna (Dhanañjaya)
K
Krishna (Vāsudeva)
S
Sañjaya
H
horses
C
chariot
B
battlefield

Educational Q&A

The passage highlights dharmic leadership through attentive service: Kṛṣṇa’s practical care for the horses and orderly return underscores that victory depends not only on heroism but also on disciplined support, competence, and steadfast devotion to one’s duty.

Arjuna’s horses become exhausted and thirsty in the midst of battle. Kṛṣṇa unyokes them, gives them water, lets them recover, then harnesses them again and returns safely with Arjuna. On hearing this, the speaker tells Sañjaya that his hope of victory has ended.