HomeMahabharataAdi ParvaAdhyaya 1Shloka 180

Shloka 180

यदाश्रौष॑ वासुदेवार्जुनौ तौ तथा धनुर्गाण्डीवमप्रमेयम्‌ । त्रीण्युग्रवीयाणि समागतानि तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय,संजय! जब मैंने सुना कि भगवान्‌ श्रीकृष्ण, वीरवर अर्जुन और अतुलित शक्तिशाली गाण्डीव धनुष--ये तीनों भयंकर प्रभावशाली शक्तियाँ इकट्टी हो गयी हैं, तभी मैंने विजयकी आशा छोड़ दी

yadāśrauṣa vāsudevārjunau tau tathā dhanur gāṇḍīvam aprameyam | trīṇy ugravīryāṇi samāgatāni tadā nāśaṃse vijayāya sañjaya sañjaya ||

When I heard that Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa) and Arjuna were together, and that the immeasurable bow Gāṇḍīva was there as well—when these three forces of terrible prowess had united—then, O Sañjaya, I no longer held out hope for victory. The verse frames victory not as mere numbers or strategy, but as the moral and spiritual weight that gathers where Kṛṣṇa’s guidance and Arjuna’s disciplined heroism stand united.

यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
अश्रौषम्I heard
अश्रौषम्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormAorist (luṅ), 1, singular, Parasmaipada
वासुदेवVāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)
वासुदेव:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवासुदेव
Formmasculine, nominative, dual
अर्जुनौArjuna (two: Vāsudeva and Arjuna)
अर्जुनौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
Formmasculine, nominative, dual
तौthose two
तौ:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, nominative, dual
तथाand also / likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
धनुःbow
धनुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधनुस्
Formneuter, nominative, singular
गाण्डीवम्Gāṇḍīva
गाण्डीवम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगाण्डीव
Formneuter, nominative, singular
अप्रमेयम्immeasurable, incomparable
अप्रमेयम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअप्रमेय
Formneuter, nominative, singular
त्रीणिthree
त्रीणि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
Formneuter, nominative, plural
उग्रfierce, formidable
उग्र:
TypeAdjective
Rootउग्र
Formneuter, nominative, plural
वीर्याणिpowers, strengths
वीर्याणि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवीर्य
Formneuter, nominative, plural
समागतानिhaving come together, united
समागतानि:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-गम्
Formpast passive participle (क्त), neuter, nominative, plural
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आशंसेI hoped / I expected
आशंसे:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआ-शंस्
FormImperfect (laṅ), 1, singular, Ātmanepada
विजयायfor victory
विजयाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootविजय
Formmasculine, dative, singular
संजयO Sañjaya
संजय:
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
संजयO Sañjaya (repeated)
संजय:
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
V
Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)
A
Arjuna
G
Gāṇḍīva (bow)
S
Sañjaya

Educational Q&A

The verse suggests that true victory follows the convergence of righteous agency and higher guidance: Arjuna’s prowess (symbolized by Gāṇḍīva) becomes decisive when aligned with Kṛṣṇa’s presence and counsel, making mere worldly calculations of strength secondary.

The speaker addresses Sañjaya, saying that upon hearing Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna united—and with Arjuna’s incomparable bow Gāṇḍīva present—he abandons hope of victory for the opposing side, recognizing the overwhelming force created by their union.