Mantra 2
Sukta 10
Sanskrit (Devanagari)
यो अग्रतो रोचनानां समुद्रादधि जज्ञिषे। शङ्खेन हत्वा रक्षांस्यत्त्रिणो वि षहामहे
IAST Transliteration
yó agrató rócanānāṃ samudrā́d ádhi jajñiṣé | śáṅkhena hatvā́ rákṣāṃsy attríṇo ví ṣahāmahe ||
English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)
Thou who wast born from the ocean, foremost of the shining regions—having with the Conch smitten down the Rakṣases, the devourers—we prevail and overcome them utterly.
Word by Word
यःwho (he who)
यः:
Kartā (यः = कर्तृ-सम्बन्धः) अथवा विशेष्य-सम्बन्धः
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
अग्रतःin front; at the fore
अग्रतः:
Adhikaraṇa (स्थान/दिशा) / क्रियाविशेषणम्
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअग्र (प्रातिपदिक) → अग्रतः (अव्यय)
रोचनानाम्of the shining lights/regions
रोचनानाम्:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — ‘of the shining (regions/lights)’
TypeNoun
Rootरोचन (प्रातिपदिक; ‘रोच्’ धातोः)
समुद्रात्from the ocean
समुद्रात्:
Apādāna (अपादान) — ‘from (out of) the ocean’
TypeNoun
Rootसमुद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
अधिfrom upon; over; above
अधि:
क्रियाविशेषणम् / सम्बन्ध-निर्देशकः
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअधि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
जज्ञिषेyou were born; you have arisen
जज्ञिषे:
क्रिया (कर्तरि) — ‘you have been born/you were born’
TypeVerb
Root√जन् (जनिँ प्रादुर्भावे) — परिपूर्ण-धातु ‘जज्ञि’ (परिपूर्ण/परफेक्ट-आधार)
शङ्खेनwith a conch
शङ्खेन:
Karaṇa (करण) — ‘with/by a conch’
TypeNoun
Rootशङ्ख (प्रातिपदिक)
हत्वाhaving slain; having struck down
हत्वा:
क्रियाविशेषणम् (पूर्वकर्म) — ‘having slain’
TypeVerbal indeclinable (absolutive)
Root√हन् (हनँ हिंसायाम्) → हत्वा
रक्षांसिthe rākṣasas; harmful spirits
रक्षांसि:
Karma (कर्म) — ‘the demons/evil spirits’
TypeNoun
Rootरक्षस् (प्रातिपदिक)
अत्त्रिणःthe devourers (harmful beings)
अत्त्रिणः:
Karma (कर्म) — (रक्षांसि … अत्त्रिणः) ‘the devourers’ (apposition)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootअत्त्रिन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘अद्’ धातोः ‘devourer’)
विapart; asunder; thoroughly
वि:
क्रियाविशेषणम् (उपसर्गः) — intensifies/marks separation
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
सहामहेwe overpower; we withstand
सहामहे:
क्रिया (कर्तरि) — ‘we overcome/endure’
TypeVerb
Root√सह् (षहँ मर्षणे/बलवत्तया सहने) → सहामहे
Attribution
Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (per Anukramaṇī for śaṅkha-maṇi hymn)
Devata: Śaṅkha/Śaṅkha-maṇi; adversaries: rakṣas, attriṇaḥ
Chandas: Anuṣṭubh (likely; confirm via Anukramaṇī)
Mantra Rasa
{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"adbhuta","emotional_arc":"From luminous origin to decisive conquest.","listener_experience":"Courage, uprightness, and ‘no-entry’ authority against threats.","intensity":7}