Mantra 1

Sukta 78

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

तद् वो गाय सुते सचा पुरुहूताय सत्वने । शं यद् गवे न शाकिने

IAST Transliteration

tád vo gāya suté sácā puruhūtā́ya sátvane | śáṃ yád gáve ná śākíne ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Sing ye that, in company with the pressed Soma, unto the Much-invoked for winning of strength—what brings good fortune for the cow, as to the Able One.

Word by Word

• तत्: that (this praise/that thing)
• तत्: Karma (गाय इत्यस्य कर्म/उद्देश्य-वस्तु)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वः: for you / to you (pl.)
• वः: Sampradāna (युष्मभ्यं/युष्माकं—सम्बन्ध/प्राप्ति)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• गाय: sing!
• गाय: (मुख्य क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गै (गायति) / √गै (गान)

• सुते: in/with the pressed (Soma)
• सुते: Adhikaraṇa (सचा इत्यनेन—‘सुते’ = सुतसोमे/सुतकाले)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: सुत (√सु ‘प्रसव/सोम-निष्पादन’ से क्त) / ‘सुत’ प्रातिपदिक

• सचा: together with, along with
• सचा: Adhikaraṇa/सह-भाव (सह/साकम् अर्थे)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सचा (अव्यय)

• पुरुहूताय: to the much-invoked (Indra)
• पुरुहूताय: Sampradāna (देव-विशेषाय—इन्द्राय)
• Type: Noun/Epithet
• Root: पुरुहूत (प्रातिपदिक; ‘बहुधा-आहूत’ = many-invoked)

• सत्वने: to the strong/valiant one
• सत्वने: Sampradāna (उसी देव के प्रति दत्त-सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun/Epithet
• Root: सत्वन (प्रातिपदिक; ‘सत्वन्’ = बल/वीर्य/शक्ति-सम्पन्न)

• शम्: well, auspiciously
• शम्: Karma/प्रयोजन (कल्याणार्थक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: शम् (अव्यय; √शम् ‘शम/कल्याण’ से)

• यत्: which/that which
• यत्: Karma (यद्…तद्-सम्बन्ध; ‘that which’)
• Type: Pronoun/Relative
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम)

• गवे: for the cow / for cattle
• गवे: Sampradāna (गवे = गवाय/गोरर्थे)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)

• न: not
• न: (निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)

• शाकिने: to the capable one
• शाकिने: Sampradāna (समर्थाय/शक्तिमते)
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: शाकिन् (प्रातिपदिक; √शक् ‘समर्थ’ से ‘शाकिन्’ = able, capable)

Attribution

Rishi: RV-derived Indra hymn seer (to be assigned by RV parallel for this stanza).

Devata: Indra (Puruhūta), in association with Soma

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh-like short stanza (to be confirmed by syllable count of the RV parallel).

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"shanta","secondary_rasa":"vira","emotional_arc":"From gentle invocation → uplifted strength → settled auspicious welfare.","listener_experience":"Calm confidence; sense of ‘things will go well’ with steady effort.","intensity":5}