Mantra 3
Sukta 53
Sanskrit (Devanagari)
य उग्रः सन्ननिष्टृत स्थिरो रणाय संस्कृतः । यदि स्तोतुर्मघवा शृणवद्धवं नेन्द्रो योषत्या गमत्
IAST Transliteration
yá ugráḥ sán naniṣṭṛt sthiró raṇā́ya sáṃkṛtaḥ | yádi stotúr maghávā śṛṇávad dhávaṃ néndró yoṣátyā́ gámāt ||
English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)
He who, fierce, unflinching, firm, is made ready for the battle—if the bounteous one shall hear the singer’s call, then Indra will not fail to come with willing favor.
Word by Word
यःwho, that (he who)
यः:
सम्बन्ध/विशेषण (यः = ‘who/that’ introducing relative clause)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
उग्रःfierce, mighty
उग्रः:
विशेषण (यः…)
TypeAdjective
Rootउग्र (प्रातिपदिक)
सन्being
सन्:
विशेषण (यः…)
TypeParticiple
Rootअस् (धातु) → शतृ/वर्तमान-कृदन्त ‘सत्/सन्’
अनिष्टृतnot overcome/unchecked; not ‘drawn down’
अनिष्टृत:
विशेषण (यः…)
TypeAdjective
Rootनि-स्तृ (धातु) + नञ्/अ- (निषेध) → ‘अनिष्टृत्’ (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त-स्वरूप)
स्थिरःfirm, steady
स्थिरः:
विशेषण (यः…)
TypeAdjective
Rootस्थिर (प्रातिपदिक)
रणायfor battle
रणाय:
सम्प्रदान (उद्देश्यः) / प्रयोजनम्
TypeNoun
Rootरण (प्रातिपदिक)
संस्कृतःprepared, well-equipped
संस्कृतः:
विशेषण (यः…)
TypeParticiple (past passive)
Rootसम्-√कृ (धातु) → भूतकृदन्त ‘संस्कृत’
यदिif
यदि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि (अव्यय)
स्तोतुःof the praiser
स्तोतुः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of the praiser’)
TypeNoun
Rootस्तोतृ (प्रातिपदिक)
मघवाthe bountiful one (Indra)
मघवा:
कर्तृ (शृणवत्…)
TypeNoun (epithet)
Rootमघवन् (प्रातिपदिक; इन्द्र-विशेषण)
शृणवत्may (he) hear
शृणवत्:
क्रिया (मुख्य)
TypeVerb
Root√श्रु (धातु) → लोट्/विधिलिङ्?; here 3sg optative ‘शृणवत्’ (विधिलिङ्, परस्मै)
हवम्invocation, call
हवम्:
कर्म (what is heard)
TypeNoun
Rootहव (प्रातिपदिक; √ह्वा/हू ‘to call’ related)
नnot
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
इन्द्रःIndra
इन्द्रः:
कर्तृ (गमत्)
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
योषत्याwith a woman/with a wife; with the womenfolk
योषत्या:
करण/सह (सहचर्ये—‘with/along with’)
TypeNoun
Rootयोषत्/योषती (प्रातिपदिक; ‘woman/maiden’, also ‘with women/with a wife’ in instr.)
गमत्may (he) come / let (him) come
गमत्:
क्रिया (मुख्य)
TypeVerb
Root√गम् (धातु)
Attribution
Rishi: As per RV source of AV 20.53 (edition-dependent).
Devata: Indra.
Chandas: Triṣṭubh.
Mantra Rasa
{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"shanta","emotional_arc":"Steel-like readiness → clear calling → calm assurance of help.","listener_experience":"Grounded courage; sense of being backed by a powerful ally.","intensity":6}