Mantra 5
Sukta 19
Sanskrit (Devanagari)
इन्द्रं वृत्राय हन्तवे पुरुहूतमुप ब्रुवे । भरेषु वाजसातये
IAST Transliteration
índraṃ vṛtrā́ya hántave puruhūtám úpa bruve | bháreṣu vā́jasātaye
English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)
Indra, the much-invoked, to smite Vṛtra—him I call unto me; in battles, for the winning of the prize of strength.
Word by Word
इन्द्रम्Indra (as the one addressed/mentioned)
इन्द्रम्:
कर्म (ब्रुवे इति वाक्ये—यम् उप ब्रुवे)
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
वृत्रायfor Vṛtra (for the slaying of Vṛtra)
वृत्राय:
सम्प्रदान (हन्तवे इत्यस्य—वृत्राय हन्तवे = वृत्रस्य वधाय)
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
हन्तवेto slay, to kill
हन्तवे:
प्रयोजन/उद्देश्य (क्रियायाः—उप ब्रुवे: ‘to slay’ as purpose)
TypeVerb-derived (Infinitive)
Rootहन् (धातु)
पुरुहूतम्much-invoked (epithet of Indra)
पुरुहूतम्:
कर्म (इन्द्रम् इत्यस्य विशेषणरूपेण)
TypeAdjective (epithet)
Rootपुरुहूत (प्रातिपदिक; बहुव्रीहि/कर्मधारय-समासः: पुरु + हूत ‘much-invoked’)
उपtowards, unto; (as a preverb)
उप:
क्रियाविशेषण (उप- ब्रुवे = ‘address/utter to, invoke’)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउप (उपसर्ग/निपात)
ब्रुवेI speak, I invoke/utter
ब्रुवे:
कर्तृ (अहं—वक्ता/ऋषिः)
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू (धातु)
भरेषुin battles, in contests
भरेषु:
अधिकरण (यत्र/यस्मिन्—‘in battles/contests’)
TypeNoun
Rootभर (प्रातिपदिक)
वाजसातयेfor the winning of the prize (strength/victory)
वाजसातये:
सम्प्रदान/प्रयोजन (उप ब्रुवे—‘for the winning of the prize/strength’)
TypeNoun (abstract/action noun)
Rootवाजसाति (प्रातिपदिक; वाज + साति ‘winning of prize/strength’)
Attribution
Rishi: Rigvedic seer-tradition (borrowed into AV 20)
Devata: Indra (Vṛtrahan)
Chandas: Anuṣṭubh
Mantra Rasa
{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"raudra","emotional_arc":"Summons → arousal of heroic force → directed strike against obstruction → confident expectation of victory.","listener_experience":"A tightening of resolve and readiness; sense of being backed by a greater power.","intensity":8}