Mantra 3

Sukta 11

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

इन्द्रो वृत्रमवृणोच्छर्धनीतिः प्र मायिनाममिनाद् वर्पणीतिः । अहन् व्यंसमुशधग् वनेष्वाविर्धेना अकृणोद् राम्याणाम्

IAST Transliteration

índro vṛtrám avṛṇoc chárdhanītiḥ prá māyínām aminād várpaṇītiḥ | áhann vyàṃsam uśádhag váneṣv āvír dhénā akṛṇod rāmyā́ṇām

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Indra laid open Vṛtra, as leader of the host; forth he crushed the wiles of the crafty, with smiting power. He slew the crooked one, scorching him in the forests; he made the milch-cows manifest, for the pleasant habitations.

Word by Word

• इन्द्रः: Indra
• इन्द्रः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• वृत्रम्: Vṛtra (the obstructor)
• वृत्रम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृत्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• अवृणोत्: overcame / struck down
• अवृणोत्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृ (वृणोति ‘to choose/cover/ward off’; here ‘to smite/overcome’ in Vedic usage)

• शर्धनीतिः: (he) of battle-guidance / leader of the host
• शर्धनीतिः: कर्तृ (इन्द्रस्य विशेषण-रूपेण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शर्धनीति (प्रातिपदिक; ‘host/army-leading, battle-guidance’)

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• मायिनाम्: of the sorcerers / of the illusionists
• मायिनाम्: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: मायिन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• अमिनात्: he damaged / destroyed
• अमिनात्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √मि/मीन् (मिनाति ‘to diminish, damage, destroy’)

• वर्पणीतिः: (he) of mighty form / of splendid appearance
• वर्पणीतिः: कर्तृ (इन्द्रस्य विशेषण-रूपेण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्पणीति (प्रातिपदिक; ‘form/beauty/shape; (power of) appearance’)

• अहन्: he slew
• अहन्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √हन् (to strike, slay)

• व्यम्: widely / in the open expanse
• व्यम्: कर्म/क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Noun (used adverbially)
• Root: व्यम् (प्रातिपदिक; Vedic ‘spreading/expanse’; used adverbially/accusative)

• सम्: together, completely
• सम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम् (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• उशधक्: the burning one / the consuming (force)
• उशधक्: कर्म
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: उशधक् (प्रातिपदिक; Vedic, ‘burning/consuming’; often of fire/heat)

• वनेषु: in the forests
• वनेषु: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun
• Root: वन (प्रातिपदिक)

• आविः: manifestly, openly
• आविः: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आविस्/आविः (अव्यय)

• धेनाः: cows
• धेनाः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: धेनु (प्रातिपदिक)

• अकृणोत्: he made / he caused
• अकृणोत्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ (करोति ‘to make, do’)

• राम्याणाम्: of the pleasant (things/places)
• राम्याणाम्: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
• Type: Adjective (substantivized)
• Root: राम्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘pleasant, delightful’)

Attribution

Rishi: Rigvedic provenance (AV 20 RV-adoption; r̥ṣi per RV source hymn)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"raudra","emotional_arc":"From confrontation with obstruction → decisive strike → restoration and ease.","listener_experience":"A surge of courage and ‘clearing’; confidence that hidden supports will reappear.","intensity":8}