Mantra 2

Sukta 118

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

पौरो अश्वस्य पुरुकृद् गवामस्युत्सो देव हिरण्ययः । नकिर्हि दानं परिमर्धिषत् त्वे यद्यद्यामि तदा भर

IAST Transliteration

pauró áśvasya purukṛ́d gávām asyótsó deva hiraṇyáyaḥ | nákir hí dā́naṃ parimárdhiṣat tvé yád-yád yā́mi tádā́ bhara

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

O God, thou art the golden well-spring of this man’s kine, the much-effecting lord of horses, the stronghold’s own. For none, in truth, hath crushed thy bounty down: whatso I seek from thee, that bring thou hither.

Word by Word

• पौरः: the townsman; citizen
• पौरः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: पौर (प्रातिपदिक) < पुर (नगर)

• अश्वस्य: of the horse
• अश्वस्य: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• पुरुकृत्: doing much; beneficent
• पुरुकृत्: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुरु-कृत् (कृदन्त; कृ + क्तिन्/क्विप्; ‘much-doing’)

• गवाम्: of the cows
• गवाम्: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्य: of this (one)
• अस्य: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• उत्सः: spring; well; source
• उत्सः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: उत्स (प्रातिपदिक)

• देव: O god
• देव: (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• हिरण्ययः: golden
• हिरण्ययः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हिरण्यय (प्रातिपदिक)

• नकिः: no one
• नकिः: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नकिः (अव्यय/निपात)

• हि: indeed; for
• हि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय/निपात)

• दानम्: gift; giving
• दानम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दान (प्रातिपदिक)

• परिमर्धिषत्: has hindered/crushed (around); has thwarted
• परिमर्धिषत्: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि-मृद्/मर्ध् (धातु; ‘to crush, obstruct’)

• त्वे: in you; on you
• त्वे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• यत्: whatever (that)
• यत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• यत्: whatever
• यत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• यामि: I go; I approach
• यामि: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: या (धातु; ‘to go, approach’)

• तदा: then
• तदा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)

• भर: bring!; bear!
• भर: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: भृ (धातु; ‘to bear, bring’)

Attribution

Rishi: Traditionally attributed to Ṛgvedic Indra-poets (AV 20 is largely RV-recitational); specific r̥ṣi per anukramaṇī for 20.118 aligns with RV source-hymn attribution.

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh/Jagatī-type RV meter (as transmitted in AV 20 recensional borrowing; verify per RV parallel).

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"adbhuta","emotional_arc":"From recognition of Indra’s inexhaustible bounty to confident asking.","listener_experience":"Empowerment, assurance of support, expansive ambition without anxiety.","intensity":7}