Mantra 3

Sukta 98

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

कदू न्व१स्याकृतमिन्द्रस्यास्ति पौंस्यम्। केनो नु कं श्रोमतेन न शुश्रुवे जनुषः परि वृत्रहा

IAST Transliteration

kadā́ nv àsyā́kṛtam índrasyā́sti paúṃsyam | kénō nú kaṃ śrómatená ná śuśruve janúṣaḥ pári vṛtrahā́ ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

When, then, is there aught unaccomplished of Indra’s manly puissance? By what renowned deed—by whom—hath it not been heard, the Vṛtra-slayer, from birth onward, far and wide?

Word by Word

• कदू: when indeed?/how ever?
• कदू: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कदा (प्रश्नार्थ-अव्यय) + ऊ (निपात/एवकारार्थ) → कदू

• नु: now/then indeed
• नु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नु (निपात)

• अस्य: of this (one)
• अस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• आकृतम्: the deed/formation; what has been made
• आकृतम्: कर्म/विषय (contextual object: ‘what has been done/formed’)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: आ + कृ (धातु) → आकृत (कृदन्त-भूतकृत) / आकृति (प्रातिपदिक) से नपुं. रूप

• इन्द्रस्य: of Indra
• इन्द्रस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्ति: is/exists
• अस्ति: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)

• पौंस्यम्: manly power, prowess
• पौंस्यम्: कर्तृ-विशेष्य/विषय (predicate-noun)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुंस् → पौंस्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘manliness, virility’)

• केन: by what?/with what?
• केन: करण
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• नु: then/indeed
• नु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नु (निपात)

• कम्: whom?
• कम्: कर्म
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: क (किम्-प्रातिपदिक का रूप)

• श्रोमतेन: by (his) renown/fame
• श्रोमतेन: करण (instrumental of means/quality)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्रोमत् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘famed/heard-of, renowned’)

• न: not
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निषेध-अव्यय)

• शुश्रुवे: has been heard/was heard
• शुश्रुवे: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु (धातु) → शुश्रुवे

• जनुषः: of (his) birth/origin
• जनुषः: अपादान/सम्बन्ध (ablatival-genitive sense: ‘from/with respect to birth’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनुस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘birth, origin’)

• परि: around/about
• परि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• वृत्रहा: Vṛtra-slayer (Indra)
• वृत्रहा: कर्तृ (subject, vocative-like address possible)
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: वृत्रहन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘Vṛtra-slayer’)

Attribution

Rishi: RV provenance (Indra-stuti); in AV 20 these are adopted from the Rigvedic corpus (exact RV ṛṣi attribution requires hymn-level concordance).

Devata: Indra (Vṛtrahan)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh/Jagatī-type RV meter (requires padic scansion confirmation from the RV source hymn).

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"adbhuta","emotional_arc":"Awe at Indra’s record → rising confidence → readiness for action.","listener_experience":"Energized, emboldened; obstacles feel smaller and more surmountable.","intensity":8}