Mantra 4

Sukta 50

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

यथा शाम्याकः प्रपतन्नपवान् नानुविद्यते । एवा रात्रि प्र पातय यो अस्मां अभ्यघायति

IAST Transliteration

yáthā śāmyākáḥ prápatan apavā́n nā́nuvídyate | evā́ rātri prá pātaya yó asmā́n abhyaghā́yati ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

As a śāmyāka, hurled forth and wind-driven, is not found again—so, O Night, drive far away, cast down, him who deviseth evil against us.

Word by Word

• यथा: just as, as
• यथा: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (avyaya)

• शाम्याकः: a śāmī-tree (or its pod/seed); śāmī
• शाम्याकः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: शाम्याक (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रपतन्: falling down/away
• प्रपतन्: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: पत् (धातु) + प्र

• अपवान्: blown away, carried off (by wind)
• अपवान्: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अपव (प्रातिपदिक) / अप-वा (धात्वर्थः ‘blown away’)

• न: not
• न: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (avyaya)

• अनुविद्यते: is found again; is traced
• अनुविद्यते: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: विद् (धातु) + अनु

• एव: just so, indeed
• एव: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (avyaya)

• रात्रि: O Night / night
• रात्रि: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: रात्रि (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्र: forth, away
• प्र: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga/avyaya)

• पातय: cause to fall/drive away!
• पातय: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: पत् (धातु) (णिच्) + प्र

• यः: who (he who)
• यः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्मान्: us
• अस्मान्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अभ्यघायति: does harm to; attacks; plots against
• अभ्यघायति: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: घा/घाय् (धातु) + अभि

Attribution

Rishi: As above (confirm via anukramaṇī).

Devata: Rātri as expeller; wind as implicit auxiliary force

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh (probable; verify)

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"bhayankara","emotional_arc":"From observation of inevitability (lost projectile) to confident command (drive him away).","listener_experience":"A sense of firmness and guarded courage; fear is contained and redirected into decisive action.","intensity":7}