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Mantra 49

Sukta 3

प्रियं प्रियाणां कृणवाम तमस्ते यन्तु यतमे द्विषन्ति । धेनुरनड्वान् वयोवय आयदेव पौरुषेयमप मृत्युं नुदन्तु

priyáṃ priyā́ṇāṃ kṛṇavāma támas te yántu yatamé dvíṣanti | dhénur anaḍvā́n váyo-vayo ā́yat evá paúruṣeyam ápa mṛtyúṃ nudantu ||

Let us make dear favor among the dear; let darkness go to them—whichever hate us. Let cow and sturdy ox, with vigor age by age still coming, yea, drive off from us the death that is of human making.

प्रियम्dear, beloved (as object)
प्रियम्:
कर्म
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
प्रियाणाम्of the dear ones
प्रियाणाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootप्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
कृणवामlet us make / may we make
कृणवाम:
क्रिया (कर्तृ: वयम्)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
तमःdarkness
तमः:
कर्तृ (यन्तु इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun
Rootतमस् (प्रातिपदिक)
तेto you
ते:
सम्प्रदान
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम)
यन्तुlet (them) go
यन्तु:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootया (धातु)
यतमेin whichever (one) / in the most (hostile) one
यतमे:
अधिकरण
TypePronoun/Adjective (relative, superlative-like)
Rootयत (प्रातिपदिक; ‘यत’ = which/whatever) + -म (तमप्-प्रत्ययेन अतिशय/विशेषण)
द्विषन्ति(they) hate
द्विषन्ति:
क्रिया (कर्तृ: ते जनाः)
TypeVerb
Rootद्विष् (धातु)
धेनुःthe milch-cow
धेनुः:
कर्तृ (नुदन्तु इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun
Rootधेनु (प्रातिपदिक)
अनड्वान्the bull/ox
अनड्वान्:
कर्तृ (नुदन्तु इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun
Rootअनड्वाह्/अनड्वान् (प्रातिपदिक)
वयः-वयःeach ‘vital power’/vigor; vitality upon vitality
वयः-वयः:
कर्तृ (नुदन्तु इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun (reduplicated for distributive/emphatic sense)
Rootवयस् (प्रातिपदिक)
आयत्has come/approached
आयत्:
क्रिया (देवः इत्यस्य)
TypeVerb (participle-like finite form in Vedic usage)
Rootआ + या (धातु)
एवindeed, just
एव:
सम्बन्ध/निपात (emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (निपात)
पौरुषेयम्that which is of human origin / human-made (evil)
पौरुषेयम्:
कर्म (नुदन्तु इत्यस्य)
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootपौरुषेय (प्रातिपदिक; पुरुष-सम्बन्धि)
अपaway
अप:
क्रियाविशेषण (नुदन्तु सह)
TypeIndeclinable (preverb)
Rootअप (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
मृत्युम्death
मृत्युम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु (प्रातिपदिक)
नुnow; indeed
नु:
निपात (emphasis/now)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु (निपात)
नुदन्तुlet (them) drive away
नुदन्तु:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootनुद् (धातु)

Rishi: Ātharvaṇa tradition (anukramaṇī attributions vary for AV 12.3).

Devata: Paśu/Śrī-like prosperity powers; Mṛtyu as the repelled adversary.

Chandas: Triṣṭubh/irregular triṣṭubh (editorial classification varies).

{"primary_rasa":"shanta","secondary_rasa":"vira","emotional_arc":"From sweetness and belonging to protective militancy against hostility and death.","listener_experience":"Warmth toward allies; confidence against threats; a sense of being materially and socially ‘guarded’.","intensity":5}