HomeVamana PuranaAdh. 12Shloka 54
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Vamana Purana — Karmic Causes of Narakas, Shloka 54

Karmic Causes of Narakas and the Irremediability of Ingratitude (Kṛtaghna-doṣa)

तुङ्ड्गेषु तालो नलिनीषु पम्पा वनौकसेष्वेव च ऋक्षराजः महीरुहेष्वेव यथा वटश्च यथा हरो ज्ञानवतां वरिष्ठः

tuṅḍgeṣu tālo nalinīṣu pampā vanaukaseṣveva ca ṛkṣarājaḥ mahīruheṣveva yathā vaṭaśca yathā haro jñānavatāṃ variṣṭhaḥ

Di antara pohon-pohon tuṅḍga, tāla (palem) adalah yang utama; di antara telaga teratai, Pampā adalah yang utama. Di antara penghuni rimba, raja para beruang (singa) adalah yang utama; di antara pepohonan, beringin adalah yang utama—demikian pula Hara (Śiva) adalah yang terbaik di antara para bijaksana.

तुङ्गेषुamong tall trees (or lofty ones)
तुङ्गेषु:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootतुङ्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, बहुवचन; (वृक्षेषु/उच्चेषु) इत्यर्थे
तालःpalm tree
तालः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootताल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
नलिनीषुamong lotus-ponds
नलिनीषु:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootनलिनी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, बहुवचन
पम्पाPampā (lake/river)
पम्पा:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपम्पा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
वनौकसेषुamong forest-dwellers
वनौकसेषु:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootवनौकस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, बहुवचन; समासः—वन + ओकस् (वनस्य ओकः/निवासः) → ‘वनौकस्’ (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः)
एवindeed
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-अव्यय
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय
ऋक्षराजःking of bears (lion/leader)
ऋक्षराजः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootऋक्ष + राज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासः—ऋक्षाणां राजा (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः)
महीरुहेषुamong trees (earth-growers)
महीरुहेषु:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootमहीरुह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, बहुवचन; समासः—मही + रुह (भूमौ रोहति) (तत्पुरुषः)
एवindeed
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-अव्यय
यथाas
यथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (अव्यय)
Formउपमान/प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय
वटःbanyan tree
वटः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootवट (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय
यथाas
यथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (अव्यय)
Formउपमान/प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय
हरःHara (Śiva)
हरः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootहर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
ज्ञानवताम्of the knowledgeable
ज्ञानवताम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञानवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन; ‘those who possess knowledge’
वरिष्ठःthe greatest
वरिष्ठः:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootवरिष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; अतिशय-इष्ठ (superlative)
Not stated in the provided excerpt (frame often Pulastya → Nāradaunconfirmed here).
Shiva (Hara)
Shaivism (praise of Hara)Sacred geography (Pampā)Didactic ranking of exemplarsNature symbolism

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

FAQs

The verse frames spiritual excellence through familiar superlatives in nature: as certain natural forms are paradigmatically ‘chief,’ so too the ideal of wisdom culminates in devotion to (or alignment with) Hara—implying that true jñāna matures into recognition of the supreme.

It is best classified as embedded stuti/upadeśa rather than one of the five defining Purāṇic topics; it supports theological orientation within the text’s broader narrative architecture.

Banyan (vaṭa) symbolizes longevity and shelter; Pampā symbolizes sacred purity and beauty; the ‘king’ among forest-beings symbolizes sovereignty. Hara as ‘best among the wise’ places ascetic-transcendent consciousness as the apex of these symbols.