Verse 12

Katharudra

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

स एव जगतः साक्षी सर्वात्मा विमलाकृतिः ।

प्रतिष्ठा सर्वभूतानां प्रज्ञानघनलक्षणः ॥

न कर्मणा न प्रजया न चान्येनापि केचित् ।

ब्रह्मवेदनमात्रेण ब्रह्माप्नोत्येव मानवः ॥

Padapatha (Word Split)

सः । एव । जगतः । साक्षी । सर्व-आत्मा । विमल-आकृतिः ।

प्रतिष्ठा । सर्व-भूतानाम् । प्रज्ञान-घन-लक्षणः ।

न । कर्मणा । न । प्रजया । न । च । अन्येन । अपि । केचित् ।

ब्रह्म-वेदन-मात्रेण । ब्रह्म । आप्नोति । एव । मानवः ।

IAST Transliteration

sa eva jagataḥ sākṣī sarvātmā vimalākṛtiḥ |

pratiṣṭhā sarva-bhūtānāṃ prajñāna-ghana-lakṣaṇaḥ ||

na karmaṇā na prajayā na cānyenāpi kecit |

brahma-vedana-mātreṇa brahmāpnoty eva mānavaḥ ||

Translation

Dia semata adalah saksi jagat, Atman bagi semua, berwujud tanpa noda; tumpuan segala makhluk, berciri sebagai gumpalan kesadaran murni. Bukan oleh karma, bukan oleh keturunan, dan bukan pula oleh apa pun yang lain—hanya oleh pengetahuan tentang Brahmanlah manusia mencapai Brahman.

Academic Translation

He alone is the witness of the world, the Self of all, of stainless form; the foundation of all beings, characterized as a mass of consciousness. Not by action, not by progeny, nor indeed by anything else whatsoever—by Brahman-knowledge alone does a human being attain Brahman.

Verse Context

• Ātman/Brahman as sākṣin (witness) and prajñāna-ghana; mokṣa through jñāna (not karma)
• Mahavakya: Strongly aligned with ‘प्रज्ञानं ब्रह्म’ (Prajñānam brahma): Brahman is consciousness; also supports ‘अहं ब्रह्मास्मि’ by identifying the witness-self as Brahman.
• Krishna Yajurveda
• Taittirīya (attribution in later Upaniṣad catalogues; text is a late Śaiva Upaniṣad transmitted outside strict śākhā recensions) Shakha
• Chandas: Mixed/irregular anuṣṭubh-like ślokas (late Upaniṣadic style)