Shloka 2

Daśa-Śivāvatāra-Nirūpaṇa

Enumeration of Ten Prime Manifestations of Śiva with Their Śaktis

Devanagari script

तत्राद्यो हि महाकालो भुक्तिमुक्तिप्रदस्सताम् । शक्तिस्तत्र महाकाली भक्तेप्सितफलप्रदा

Transliteration

tatrādyo hi mahākālo bhuktimuktipradassatām | śaktistatra mahākālī bhaktepsitaphalapradā

Translation

Di antara mereka, yang pertama ialah Mahākāla, penganugerah bhoga dan moksha bagi para sat. Di sana pula hadir Śakti-Nya, Mahākālī, yang memberi buah yang diidamkan para bhakta.

Word by Word

• tatra: there, in that (set)
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; adverb (देशवाचक)

• ādyaḥ: the first
• ādyaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ādya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying mahākālaḥ

• hi: indeed
• hi: Sambandha (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; particle (निपात) for emphasis/indeed

• mahā-kālaḥ: Mahākāla
• mahā-kālaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); proper name

• bhukti-mukti-pradaḥ: giver of enjoyment and liberation
• bhukti-mukti-pradaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bhukti (प्रातिपदिक) + mukti (प्रातिपदिक) + prada (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying mahākālaḥ

• satām: of the good (devotees)
• satām: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• śaktiḥ: the Power (Śakti)
• śaktiḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śakti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• tatra: there
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; adverb

• mahā-kālī: Mahākālī
• mahā-kālī: Samānādhikaraṇa (समानााधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + kālī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); proper name

• bhakta-īpsita-phala-pradā: giver of the devotees’ desired fruits
• bhakta-īpsita-phala-pradā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bhakta (प्रातिपदिक) + īpsita (√āp/√īps, धातु; क्त-प्रत्यय) + phala (प्रातिपदिक) + pradā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); tatpuruṣa: 'bhaktānām īpsitaṃ phalaṃ pradāti'

Speaker

Suta Goswami

Shaiva Theology

Tattva Level: pati

Shiva Form: Mahākāla

Jyotirlinga Context

Jyotirlinga: Mahākāleśvara

Sthala Purana: Mahākāla is praised as bhukti-mukti-prada; this aligns with Mahākāleśvara’s fame as the self-manifest (svayambhū) jyotirliṅga where Śiva, as Time itself, grants both worldly welfare and liberation; Mahākālī is presented as the inseparable Śakti who fulfills devotees’ desired fruits.

Significance: Pilgrims seek protection from untimely death, relief from fear and karmic burden, and the maturation of devotion into mokṣa through Mahākāla’s prasāda.

Mantra Metadata

Type: stotra

Shakti Dimension

Shakti Form: Kālī

Role: liberating

Ritual Elements

Offering: pushpa

Cosmic Context

Cosmic Event: Kāla motif foregrounded: Mahākāla as the lord of time/death; implicitly connected to pralaya and time-transcendence.

Characters & Entities

• Shiva
• Mahakala
• Mahakali

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in the Shiva Purana?

The verse presents Mahākāla as Pati (the Supreme Lord) who can grant both bhukti (rightful worldly well-being) and mukti (release from bondage), while Mahākālī as Śakti expresses His grace by fulfilling the devotee’s intended fruits—showing Śiva and Śakti as inseparable in bestowing both worldly and transcendent aims.

How does this verse relate to the worship of the Linga or Saguna Shiva?

Mahākāla is a saguna form of Śiva approachable through worship (including Liṅga-upāsanā). The verse implies that devotion to Śiva together with reverence for His Śakti leads to both blessings in life and liberation, aligning with Shiva Purana’s emphasis on accessible, grace-filled worship.

What ritualistic or meditative practice is suggested here?

A practical takeaway is bhakti-centered Mahākāla worship with mantra-japa (especially the Pañcākṣarī, “Om Namaḥ Śivāya”), supported by traditional Shaiva marks like Tripuṇḍra (bhasma) and Rudrākṣa, seeking not mere desires but their purification toward mukti.