Shloka 39

मधुवनभङ्गः

The Disruption of Madhuvana and Dadhimukha’s Complaint

Devanagari script

सन्निपत्य महावीर्यस्सर्वैस्तै: परिवारितः।हरिर्दधिमुखः पालैः पालानां परमेश्वरः।।5.62.39।।स दीनवदनो भूत्वा कृत्वा शिरसि चाञ्जलिम्।सुग्रीवस्य शुभौ मूर्ध्ना चरणौ पत्यपीडयत्।।5.62.40।।

Transliteration

sannipatya mahāvīryaḥ sarvais taiḥ parivāritaḥ | harir dadhimukhaḥ pālaiḥ pālānāṃ parameśvaraḥ ||

sa dīnavadano bhūtvā kṛtvā śirasi cāñjalim | sugrīvasya śubhau mūrdhnā caraṇau paty apīḍayat ||

Translation

Berkumpul di sana, Dadhimukha yang bermahā-vīrya—penguasa para penjaga—datang dikelilingi semua pengawal itu. Dengan wajah muram, ia mengangkat tangan terkatup ke kepala, lalu menekan kaki Sugrīva yang suci dengan dahinya sebagai sembah bakti.

Word by Word

• sannipatya: having come together/approached
• sannipatya: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषणम्)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-ni-√pat (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त/ल्यप्), from sam-ni-√pat; indeclinable verbal form; sense: 'having assembled/approached'

• mahāvīryaḥ: of great valor
• mahāvīryaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā + vīrya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); adjective qualifying hariḥ/dadhimukhaḥ

• sarvaiḥ: by all
• sarvaiḥ: Karaṇa (करणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Plural (बहुवचन); used pronominally 'by all'

• taiḥ: by those
• taiḥ: Karaṇa (करणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Plural (बहुवचन); demonstrative 'by those'

• parivāritaḥ: surrounded
• parivāritaḥ: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa / Bhāva (भावे प्रयोगः; predicate participle)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pari-√vṛ (धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त/कृदन्त), Masculine Nominative Singular; agrees with hariḥ/dadhimukhaḥ; sense: 'surrounded/attended'

• hariḥ: the monkey
• hariḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hari (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular; 'monkey'

• dadhimukhaḥ: Dadhimukha
• dadhimukhaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dadhi + mukha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular; proper name; tatpuruṣa: 'dadhi- (curd) + mukha (face)'

• pālaiḥ: by guards
• pālaiḥ: Karaṇa (करणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Plural; 'by the guards'

• pālānām: of the guards
• pālānām: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठीसम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Plural; 'of the guards'

• parameśvaraḥ: supreme lord
• parameśvaraḥ: Karta (कर्ता) / Apposition (समानाधिकरणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: parama + īśvara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular; apposition to hariḥ/dadhimukhaḥ

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular; pronoun referring to Dadhimukha

• dīnavadanaḥ: with a dejected face
• dīnavadanaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dīna + vadana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular; adjective of saḥ; 'having a dejected face'

• bhūtvā: having become
• bhūtvā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषणम्)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhū (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त), from √bhū; sense: 'having become'

• kṛtvā: having done/made
• kṛtvā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषणम्)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त), from √kṛ; sense: 'having made/done'

• śirasi: on (his) head
• śirasi: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śiras (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular; 'on the head'

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction/particle (समुच्चय/निपात)

• añjalim: folded hands/salutation
• añjalim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: añjali (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular; object of kṛtvā (having made a salutation gesture)

• sugrīvasya: of Sugriva
• sugrīvasya: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठीसम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sugrīva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular; 'of Sugriva'

• śubhau: auspicious
• śubhau: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śubha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Dual (द्विवचन); adjective qualifying caraṇau

• mūrdhnā: with (his) forehead
• mūrdhnā: Karaṇa (करणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mūrdhan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Singular; 'with (his) forehead/head'

• caraṇau: (two) feet
• caraṇau: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: caraṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Dual; object of apīḍayat (pressed/touched)

• pati: down/fully (intensifier)
• pati: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषणम्)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: pati (अव्यय/उपसर्गसदृश)
• Form: Particle (निपात) used as intensifier/iterative with verb: 'down/fully' in patyapīḍayat; treated as avyaya element

• apīḍayat: pressed/touched
• apīḍayat: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√pīḍ (धातु)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); 'pressed/touched (in obeisance)'

Context

The vanaras praised Angada, the bull among vanaras and went to Madhuvanam swiftly like a fast-flowing river going to uproot a tree.

Characters & Entities

• Dadhimukha
• Sugrīva
• Rāma (contextually present)
• Lakṣmaṇa (contextually present)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Humility before rightful authority: grievances are presented with respect, acknowledging the ruler’s role as final arbiter of justice.

What is the narrative situation?

Dadhimukha arrives with the guards and formally prostrates before Sugrīva to submit his complaint about Madhuvana.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Dadhimukha’s disciplined deference and loyalty to the king’s order, expressed through formal obeisance.