Shloka 33

षट्चत्वारिंशः सर्गः

Ravana Deploys Five Generals; Hanuman Destroys the Commanders and the Remaining Host

Devanagari script

एकतः कपिशार्दूलं यशस्विनमवस्थितम्।पट्टिसेन शिताग्रेण प्रघसः प्रत्ययोधयत्।।।।भासकर्णश्च शूलेन राक्षसः कपिसत्तमम्।

Transliteration

ekataḥ kapiśārdūlaṃ yaśasvinam avasthitam | paṭṭisena śitāgreṇa praghasaḥ pratyayodhayat || bhāsakarṇaś ca śūlena rākṣasaḥ kapisattamam ||

Translation

Dari satu sisi Praghasa menekan sang harimau di antara kera yang termasyhur itu dengan paṭṭiśa bermata tajam; dari sisi lain Bhāsakarṇa, sang rākṣasa, menyerang kera utama itu dengan trisula.

Word by Word

• ekataḥ: on one side
• ekataḥ: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ekatas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), adverbial (क्रियाविशेषण) = "on one side"

• kapiśārdūlam: tiger among monkeys (Hanuman)
• kapiśārdūlam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kapi + śārdūla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); tatpuruṣa: "kapiṣu śārdūlaḥ"

• yaśasvinam: renowned
• yaśasvinam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: yaśasvin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); adjective qualifying kapiśārdūlam

• avasthitam: stationed
• avasthitam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ava√sthā (धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त-कृदन्त), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग); "standing/positioned"

• paṭṭisena: with a pattiśa (iron weapon/crowbar)
• paṭṭisena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: paṭṭisa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन); (gender commonly masculine)

• śitāgreṇa: with a sharp-pointed (weapon)
• śitāgreṇa: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śita + agra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग) agreeing with implied "āyudha"; karmadhāraya: "śitam agraṃ yasya" (sharp-pointed)

• praghāsaḥ: Praghāsa
• praghāsaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: praghāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); proper name

• pratyayodhayat: fought back / counter-attacked
• pratyayodhayat: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: prati√yudh (धातु)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); causative not intended; "fought/attacked in return"

• bhāsakarṇaḥ: Bhāsakarṇa
• bhāsakarṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhāsa + karṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); proper name; tatpuruṣa (name-compound)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)

• śūlena: with a spear
• śūlena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śūla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग)

• rākṣasaḥ: the rākṣasa (demon)
• rākṣasaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rākṣasa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); apposition to bhāsakarṇaḥ

• kapisattamam: the best of monkeys
• kapisattamam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kapi + sattama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); tatpuruṣa: "kapīnām sattamaḥ"

Context

Praghasa fought back the glorious tiger among vanaras with a sharp crow-bar on one side and Bhaskarana attacked with a spear from the other.

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān
• Praghasa
• Bhāsakarṇa
• Śūla (trident)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse foregrounds the tension between coordinated violence and righteous resistance: dharma is upheld by the one who stands firm for a just end, even when attacked from multiple sides.

What is the narrative situation?

Praghasa and Bhāsakarṇa attack Hanumān simultaneously, one with a sharp paṭṭiśa-type weapon and the other with a trident.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Hanumān’s fearlessness and tactical steadiness—remaining ‘avasthita’ (well-positioned) despite a two-sided assault.