Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 37, Shloka 31

कुमारसम्भवः—गङ्गायां तेजोनिक्षेपः

The Birth of Kumāra/Skanda and the Deposition of Śiva’s Energy through Gaṅgā

Devanagari script

एष ते राम गङ्गाया विस्तरोऽभिहितो मया।।1.37.31।।कुमारसम्भवश्चैव धन्य: पुण्यस्तथैव च।

Transliteration

eṣa te rāma gaṅgāyā vistaro 'bhihito mayā || 1.37.31 ||

kumāra-sambhavaś caiva dhanyaḥ puṇyas tathaiva ca |

Translation

“Wahai Rāma, demikianlah telah kuceritakan kepadamu dengan rinci kisah tentang Gaṅgā, dan juga kelahiran Kumāra—sebuah kisah yang suci, membawa berkah dan pahala.”

Word by Word

• एषः: this
• एषः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; सर्वनाम

• ते: to you
• ते: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: चतुर्थी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; सम्प्रदान-चतुर्थी (to you)

• राम: O Rāma
• राम: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, सम्बोधन (vocative), एकवचनम्

• गङ्गायाः: of Gaṅgā
• गङ्गायाः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गङ्गा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे, षष्ठी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• विस्तरः: detailed account
• विस्तरः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विस्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• अभिहितः: has been narrated
• अभिहितः: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अभि-धा (धातु) → अभिहित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकृदन्तम् (क्त); पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; कर्मणि-प्रयोगे ‘has been told’

• मया: by me
• मया: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; कर्तृ-करण-तृतीया (agent/instrument: ‘by me’)

• कुमार-सम्भवः: the birth/origin of Kumāra
• कुमार-सम्भवः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुमार (प्रातिपदिक) + सम्भव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (कुमारस्य सम्भवः); पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• एव: indeed
• एव: Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-निपात (emphatic particle)

• धन्यः: blessed/fortunate
• धन्यः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; विशेषणम् (of the account/birth as auspicious)

• पुण्यः: holy/meritorious
• पुण्यः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुण्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; विशेषणम्

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम्; प्रकार/समुच्चयवाचक (so/likewise)

• एव: indeed
• एव: Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-निपात

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

Context

"O Rama! this story of Ganga and that of the birth of Kumara, who was fortunate and auspicious, has been related to you in detail.

Characters & Entities

• Viśvāmitra
• Rāma
• Gaṅgā
• Kumāra (Skanda/Kārttikeya)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes transmission of sacred history (itihāsa) truthfully and completely: the teacher (Viśvāmitra) fulfills his duty by narrating an instructive, merit-bearing account.

What is the narrative situation?

Viśvāmitra closes his detailed narration about Gaṅgā and the birth of Kumāra.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Pedagogical responsibility: Viśvāmitra models the guru’s role—clear, complete instruction grounded in satya.