Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 33, Shloka 8

कुशनाभकन्याशतविवाहः — The Marriage of Kuśanābha’s Hundred Daughters

and the Birth of Brahmadatta

Devanagari script

क्षमा दानं क्षमा यज्ञः क्षमा सत्यं हि पुत्रिका:।।1.33.8।।क्षमा यश: क्षमा धर्म: क्षमया निष्ठितं जगत्।

Transliteration

kṣamā dānaṁ kṣamā yajñaḥ kṣamā satyaṁ hi putrikāḥ | kṣamā yaśaḥ kṣamā dharmaḥ kṣamayā niṣṭhitaṁ jagat || 1.33.8 ||

Translation

Kesabaran adalah sedekah; kesabaran adalah yajña; dan kesabaran sungguh adalah kebenaran, wahai putri-putri. Kesabaran adalah kemuliaan; kesabaran adalah dharma—oleh kesabaranlah dunia ini ditegakkan.

Word by Word

• क्षमा: forbearance
• क्षमा: Karta (कर्ता/Equational subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षमा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• दानम्: charity
• दानम्: Karta (कर्ता/Predicate nominative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• क्षमा: forbearance
• क्षमा: Karta (कर्ता/Equational subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षमा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• यज्ञः: sacrifice
• यज्ञः: Karta (कर्ता/Predicate nominative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• क्षमा: forbearance
• क्षमा: Karta (कर्ता/Equational subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षमा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• सत्यम्: truth
• सत्यम्: Karta (कर्ता/Predicate nominative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• हि: indeed
• हि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (emphasis)

• पुत्रिकाः: O daughters
• पुत्रिकाः: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्रिका (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, बहुवचन

• क्षमा: forbearance
• क्षमा: Karta (कर्ता/Equational subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षमा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• यशः: glory
• यशः: Karta (कर्ता/Predicate nominative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यशस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• क्षमा: forbearance
• क्षमा: Karta (कर्ता/Equational subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षमा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• धर्मः: dharma; virtue
• धर्मः: Karta (कर्ता/Predicate nominative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• क्षमया: by forbearance
• क्षमया: Karana (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षमा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• निष्ठितम्: is established/sustained
• निष्ठितम्: Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि + स्था (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'is established/supported'

• जगत्: the world
• जगत्: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जगत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Context

"Forbearance is charity, forbearance is sacrifice, forbearance is truth, forbearance is glory and forbearance is virtue. O daughters, the universe is supported by forbearance".

Characters & Entities

• King Kūśanābha
• jagat (the world)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Kṣamā is presented as the root of multiple dharmic goods—dāna, yajña, satya, yaśas, and dharma itself—suggesting that social and spiritual order depends on disciplined restraint rather than retaliation.

What is the narrative situation?

The king explicitly instructs his daughters, turning their lived experience into a moral teaching about the sustaining power of forbearance.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Kṣamā as a comprehensive virtue that supports truthfulness (satya) and righteous living (dharma).