Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 1, Shloka 60

श्रीमद्रामायणकथासङ्क्षेपः / The Ramayana in Synopsis

Narada’s Summary to Valmiki

Devanagari script

सुग्रीवश्चापि तत्सर्वं श्रुत्वा रामस्य वानर: ।।।।चकार सख्यं रामेण प्रीतश्चैवाग्निसाक्षिकम् ।

Transliteration

sugrīvaś cāpi tat sarvaṃ śrutvā rāmasya vānaraḥ | cakāra sakhyaṃ rāmeṇa prītaś caivāgnisākṣikam ||

Translation

Sugrīva, sang kera, setelah mendengar seluruh kisah Rāma, menjadi bersukacita lalu menjalin persahabatan dengan Rāma, mengikat perjanjian yang disaksikan oleh Agni sebagai saksi suci.

Word by Word

• सुग्रीवः: Sugrīva
• सुग्रीवः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुग्रीव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय

• अपि: also
• अपि: निपात (Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अप्यर्थ (also/even)

• तत्: that
• तत्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• सर्वम्: all
• सर्वम्: कर्म (Karma/Object; qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण

• श्रुत्वा: having heard
• श्रुत्वा: पूर्वकाल (Prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय; absolutive/gerund): श्रुत्वा; अव्ययभाव (indeclinable verbal)

• रामस्य: of Rāma
• रामस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• वानरः: the monkey (king)
• वानरः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject; apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वानर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सुग्रीवस्य विशेषणरूपेण (in apposition)

• चकार: made, did
• चकार: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect); प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• सख्यम्: friendship, alliance
• सख्यम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सख्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• रामेण: with Rāma
• रामेण: सह (Saha/Association)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• प्रीतः: pleased
• प्रीतः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject; predicate adjective)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्री (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त): प्रीत; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; भाववाचक (state: pleased)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय

• एव: indeed
• एव: अवधारण (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारण

• अग्निसाक्षिकम्: with Agni as witness
• अग्निसाक्षिकम्: कर्म (Karma/Object; qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अग्नि + साक्षिक (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (instrumental/associative sense): अग्निः साक्षी यस्य/यत्र; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; सख्यम् इति विशेषण

Context

Hearing everything that story from Rama, Sugriva was very pleased and made a pact with Rama in the presence of Agni as witness.

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva
• Rāma
• Agni

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is covenant-keeping under sacred witness: friendship becomes a moral contract, sanctified by Agni, implying accountability and truthfulness in promises.

What is the narrative situation?

After hearing Rāma’s story, Sugrīva formalizes their alliance through a ritualized pact.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sugrīva’s commitment and good faith—he responds to truth with loyal partnership.