Shloka 10

Devanagari script

तथैव तत्र पश्यन्तौ पत्तनानि वनानि च।गीरींश्च सरितस्सर्वा राष्ट्राणि नगराणि च।।3.42.10।।

Transliteration

tathaiva tatra paśyantau pattanāni vanāni ca | gīrīṃś ca saritaḥ sarvā rāṣṭrāṇi nagarāṇi ca ||

Translation

Demikian pula, dalam perjalanan itu mereka memandang kota-kota dan rimba, gunung-gunung dan segala sungai, juga negeri-negeri serta pusat-pusat kota.

Word by Word

• tathā-eva: just so/likewise
• tathā-eva: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय) + eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय-समुच्चय; eva = emphatic particle

• tatra: there
• tatra: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (locative adverb)

• paśyantau: (the two) seeing
• paśyantau: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √paś (पश् धातु)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकृदन्त (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन; ‘(they) seeing’

• pattanāni: towns
• pattanāni: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pattana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• vanāni: forests
• vanāni: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• gīrīn: mountains
• gīrīn: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: giri (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय

• saritaḥ: rivers/streams
• saritaḥ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sarit (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन (Vedic/epic form; classical: saritīḥ)

• sarvāḥ: all
• sarvāḥ: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; agrees with saritaḥ

• rāṣṭrāṇi: kingdoms/states
• rāṣṭrāṇi: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāṣṭra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• nagarāṇi: cities
• nagarāṇi: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nagara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय

Context

And likewise, they went past towns, forests, mountains, streams, states and cities.

Characters & Entities

• Mārīca
• Rāvaṇa
• Forests
• Mountains
• Rivers
• Cities

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Indirectly, it frames the moral gravity of the coming act: the journey passes through ordered human spaces (towns, states), reminding that adharma committed by the powerful impacts the whole world they traverse.

What is the narrative situation?

The narration describes Rāvaṇa and Mārīca traveling onward, with a panoramic listing of landscapes and settlements they pass.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

No single virtue is foregrounded; the verse functions as narrative geography, situating the unfolding ethical conflict within the wider world.