Shloka 35

The Greatness of the Kāliṇdī (Yamunā): Merit of Bathing, Charity, and Faith

Devanagari script

उपपातक सर्वाणि पातकानि महांति च । भस्मी भवंति सर्वाणि यमुनामज्जनान्नृप

Transliteration

upapātaka sarvāṇi pātakāni mahāṃti ca | bhasmī bhavaṃti sarvāṇi yamunāmajjanānnṛpa

Translation

Wahai raja, dengan berendam mandi di Yamunā, semua upapātaka (dosa kecil) dan bahkan mahāpātaka (dosa besar) semuanya menjadi abu.

Word by Word

• upapātakāni: minor sins
• upapātakāni: Karta (कर्ता) (logical subject with sarvāṇi)
• Type: Noun
• Root: upapātaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Prathamā (प्रथमा) / Dvitīyā (द्वितीया) (contextually subject), Bahuvacana (बहुवचन)

• sarvāṇi: all
• sarvāṇi: Viśeṣaṇa of Karta (कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (सर्व) (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Prathamā (प्रथमा), Bahuvacana (बहुवचन)

• pātakāni: sins
• pātakāni: Karta (कर्ता) (co-subject with upapātakāni)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pātaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Prathamā (प्रथमा) / Dvitīyā (द्वितीया) (contextually subject), Bahuvacana (बहुवचन)

• mahānti: great (major)
• mahānti: Viśeṣaṇa of pātakāni (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahat (महत्) (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Prathamā (प्रथमा), Bahuvacana (बहुवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध) (connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Samuccaya-nipāta (समुच्चय-निपात) (conjunction)

• bhasmī: to ashes (as ash)
• bhasmī: Pradhāna-predicative (विधेय) (result-state)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhasman (भस्मन्) (प्रातिपदिक) / bhasmī-bhū (भस्मीभू) (idiom)
• Form: Strīliṅga (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Prathamā (प्रथमा), Ekavacana (एकवचन); used predicatively (kriyā-viśeṣaṇa/phalavācaka)

• bhavanti: become
• bhavanti: Kriyā (क्रिया) (main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (भू) (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ-lakāra (लट्, Present), Prathama-puruṣa (प्रथमपुरुष), Bahuvacana (बहुवचन)

• sarvāṇi: all
• sarvāṇi: Viśeṣaṇa of Karta (कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (सर्व) (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Prathamā (प्रथमा), Bahuvacana (बहुवचन)

• yamunā-majjanāt: from bathing in the Yamunā
• yamunā-majjanāt: Apādāna (अपादान) (cause/source: 'from/through bathing')
• Type: Noun
• Root: yamunā (यमुना) (प्रातिपदिक) + majjana (मज्जन) (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष) sense: 'Yamunāyāḥ majjanam'; Napumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Pañcamī (पञ्चमी, Ablative), Ekavacana (एकवचन)

• nṛpa: O king
• nṛpa: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन) (address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nṛpa (नृप) (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (पुंलिङ्ग), Sambodhana (सम्बोधन), Ekavacana (एकवचन)

Speaker

Unspecified narrator/sage addressing a king (nṛpa)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: river

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: yamunāmajjanānnṛpa → yamunā-majjanāt nṛpa (t/d assimilation: -āt + nṛpa → -ān nṛpa in recitation/orthography).

Characters & Entities

• Yamunā

FAQs

What is the central teaching of this verse?

It teaches the tīrtha-māhātmya of the Yamunā: ritual immersion in the river is praised as a powerful purifier that burns away both lesser and greater sins.

What are upapātakas and mahāpātakas in this context?

Upapātakas are secondary/minor transgressions, while the verse contrasts them with “great sins” (mahānti pātakāni), indicating even serious wrongdoing is said to be purified through Yamunā-bathing.

What ethical lesson is implied beyond the ritual act?

The verse implies that sincere turning toward sacred practices and places is meant to support moral renewal—encouraging repentance, self-purification, and a return to dharmic living.