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Shloka 29

Adhyaya 8Harishchandra’s Trial: Truth, the Sale of Family, and Bondage to a Chandala

शयानं भुवि तं दृष्ट्वा हरिश्चन्द्रं महीपतिम् ।

उवाचेदं सकरुणं राजपत्नी सुदुःखिता ॥

śayānaṃ bhuvi taṃ dṛṣṭvā hariścandraṃ mahīpatim / uvācedaṃ sakaruṇaṃ rājapatnī suduḥkhitā //

Melihat Raja Hariścandra terbaring di tanah, sang permaisuri—sangat berduka—mengucapkan kata-kata ini dengan belas kasih.

śayānamlying down
śayānam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootśī (शी धातु) + śānac (शानच्)
FormPresent middle participle (शानच्), Masculine accusative singular; qualifies ‘tam’
bhuvion the ground
bhuvi:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootbhū (भू/भूमि प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Locative (सप्तमी) singular
tamhim
tam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (तद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (द्वितीया) singular
dṛṣṭvāhaving seen
dṛṣṭvā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/पूर्वक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootdṛś (दृश् धातु) + ktvā (क्त्वा)
FormAbsolutive/gerund (क्त्वान्त) from √दृश्
hariścandramHarishchandra
hariścandram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roothariścandra (हरिश्चन्द्र प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative singular (proper noun)
mahīpatimthe king
mahīpatim:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmahī (मही) + pati (पति)
FormMasculine, Accusative singular; तत्पुरुष: ‘lord of the earth’
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (वच् धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada
idamthis (speech)
idam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (इदम् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative singular; object of ‘uvāca’
sakarūṇamcompassionate
sakarūṇam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsa- (स) + karuṇa (करुण प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative singular; कर्मधारय: ‘with compassion’ qualifying ‘idam’
rājapatnīthe queen
rājapatnī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootrājan (राजन्) + patnī (पत्नी)
FormFeminine, Nominative singular; तत्पुरुष: ‘king’s wife’
suduḥkhitāvery distressed
suduḥkhitā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootsu- (सु) + duḥkhita (दुःखित प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative singular; कर्मधारय/intensified: ‘very sorrowful’, agrees with rājapatnī
Narrative voice (Purāṇic narrator) describing the queen’s reaction; next speech is by the queen

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Dharma under sufferingCompassion (karuṇā)Royal duty and reversal of fortunePathos in Purāṇic narrative

FAQs

The verse foregrounds karuṇā (compassion) as a dhārmic response to extreme misfortune. Even where royal status collapses into helplessness (a king lying on bare ground), the human capacity for empathy and steadfast relational duty remains a moral anchor.

This is best classified under Vaṃśānucarita/Carita (accounts of royal lineages and exemplary lives), a common purāṇic mode used to teach dharma through narrative rather than through cosmological Sarga/Pratisarga material.

Symbolically, the king ‘on the earth’ can signify the stripping away of worldly sovereignty (rājya-abhimāna) and the confrontation with bare reality (bhūmi). The queen’s compassionate speech represents the sattvic counterforce—inner nobility persisting when outer power is gone.