Adhyaya 48 — The Netherworlds
मार्कण्डेय उवाच
कुशलाकुशलैर्ब्रह्मन् भाविता पूर्वकर्मभिः ।
ख्याता तथा ह्यनिर्मुक्ताः प्रलये ह्युपसंहृताः ॥
mārkaṇḍeya uvāca
kuśalākuśalair brahman bhāvitā pūrvakarmabhiḥ |
khyātā tathā hy anirmuktāḥ pralaye hy upasaṃhṛtāḥ ||
Markandeya berkata: Wahai Brahmana, makhluk dibentuk oleh perbuatan lampau—oleh karma yang baik dan yang buruk. Karena itu mereka dikenal demikian; mereka tidak terbebas dari ikatan saṁskāra itu, dan pada saat pralaya mereka sungguh kembali melebur ke dalamnya.
{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }
The verse asserts moral causality: beings’ states and identities are conditioned by prior wholesome and unwholesome actions. Until liberation, karmic imprint persists across cycles, and in pralaya all manifested forms are withdrawn.
Primarily Sarga/Pratisarga framing with explicit mention of Pralaya (dissolution). It sets the karmic logic that underlies subsequent accounts of creation and re-creation.
The ‘known as such’ (khyātā) suggests that guṇa-karmic tendencies crystallize into recognizable ontological categories. Dissolution is not annihilation but reabsorption of names-and-forms into the causal ground.