Shloka 30

Adhyaya 32 — Rules for Parvana Śrāddha: Foods that Please the Ancestors and Items to Avoid

Sanskrit

ब्राह्मणानां सहस्रेभ्यो योगी त्वग्राशनी यदि ।

यजमानञ्च भोक्तॄंश्च नौरीवाम्भसि तारयेत् ॥

Transliteration

brāhmaṇānāṃ sahasrebhyo yogī tv agrāśanī yadi / yajamānañ ca bhoktṝṃś ca naur ivāmbhasi tārayet

Translation

Jika dalam śrāddha seorang yogin menjadi yang pertama menyantap, maka ia—laksana perahu di atas air—mampu menyeberangkan baik sang penyelenggara maupun para tamu yang makan; lebih daripada (jasa) seribu brāhmaṇa.

Word by Word

• ब्राह्मणानाम्: of brāhmaṇas
• ब्राह्मणानाम्: Sambandha/Reference (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्राह्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural

• सहस्रेभ्यः: from thousands
• सहस्रेभ्यः: Apadana/Source (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सहस्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Plural; ‘from (among) thousands’

• योगी: a yogin
• योगी: Karta/Subject (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: योगिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• तु: but
• तु: Nipata/Discourse (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात), contrastive

• अग्राशनी: (is) the foremost eater / eats first
• अग्राशनी: Visheshya-Predicate (विधेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्राशनी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; ‘one who eats first’ (here as predicate/epithet)

• यदि: if
• यदि: Sambandha/Condition (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदि (अव्यय)
• Form: Conditional particle (शर्त-निपात)

• यजमानम्: the sacrificer (host)
• यजमानम्: Karma/Object (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यजमान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• च: and
• च: Sambandha/Connector (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय)

• भोक्तॄन्: the eaters/guests
• भोक्तॄन्: Karma/Object (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भोक्तृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural

• च: and
• च: Sambandha/Connector (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय)

• नौः: a boat
• नौः: Upamana/Standard of comparison (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नौ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• इव: like
• इव: Upama/Comparison (उपमा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: Comparative particle (उपमा-निपात)

• अम्भसि: in water
• अम्भसि: Adhikarana/Location (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अम्भस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular

• तारयेत्: should ferry across / deliver
• तारयेत्: Kriya/Predicate (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: तॄ (धातु √तॄ ‘to ferry across/save’)
• Form: Optative (विधिलिङ्), Parasmaipada, 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular

Speakers

• Dharmic instruction within Markandeya Purana’s ritual discourse (speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Śrāddha
• Yoga
• Merit (puṇya) hierarchy
• Salvation metaphor (crossing over)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Spiritual attainment is treated as a multiplier of ritual efficacy. The verse does not negate brāhmaṇa-hood but asserts that realized discipline (yoga) can outweigh mere numbers.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Doctrinal dharma/yoga teaching; ancillary to pancalakṣaṇa, useful for indexing ‘ritual efficacy via yogic presence’.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘boat’ image signals a guru-like function: a stabilized consciousness can serve as a vehicle across saṃsāra’s waters, uplifting both giver and recipients in the ritual field.