Shloka 32

Adhyaya 28 — Alarka Inquires into Varna and Ashrama Dharma; Madalasa Defines the Fourfold Duties

Sanskrit

सत्यं शौचमहिंसा च अनसूया तथा क्षमा । आनृशंस्यमकार्पण्यं सन्तोषश्चाष्टमो गुणः ॥

Transliteration

satyaṃ śaucam ahiṃsā ca anasūyā tathā kṣamā | ānṛśaṃsyam akārpaṇyaṃ santoṣaś cāṣṭamo guṇaḥ ||

Translation

Kejujuran, kemurnian, tanpa-kekerasan, bebas dari iri, kesabaran; welas asih (tanpa kekejaman), tidak kikir, dan kepuasan sebagai kebajikan kedelapan—itulah sifat-sifat umum.

Word by Word

• satyam: truthfulness
• satyam: Karta (कर्ता/subject-item in list)
• Type: Noun
• Root: satya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• śaucam: purity; cleanliness
• śaucam: Karta (कर्ता/item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śauca (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• ahiṃsā: non-violence
• ahiṃsā: Karta (कर्ता/item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: a-hiṃsā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, conjunction

• anasūyā: absence of envy; non-carping
• anasūyā: Karta (कर्ता/item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: an-asūyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• tathā: and likewise
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, connective adverb

• kṣamā: forbearance; patience
• kṣamā: Karta (कर्ता/item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kṣamā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• ānṛśaṃsyam: compassion; kindness
• ānṛśaṃsyam: Karta (कर्ता/item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ānṛśaṃsya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• akārpaṇyam: non-miserliness; generosity
• akārpaṇyam: Karta (कर्ता/item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: a-kārpaṇya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• santoṣaḥ: contentment
• santoṣaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: santoṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, conjunction

• aṣṭamaḥ: eighth
• aṣṭamaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: aṣṭama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; ordinal adjective qualifying guṇaḥ

• guṇaḥ: quality; virtue
• guṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: guṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

Speakers

• Not specified in input

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Sāmānya-dharma
• Ethics
• Ahimsa
• Satya
• Contentment

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Dharma is grounded in universally applicable virtues: truth, purity, non-harm, non-envy, patience, kindness, generosity, and contentment—forming a moral baseline across roles and life-stages.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

This is explicit dharma-sāra (ethical essence), a common Purāṇic function alongside the five-lakṣaṇa narrative domains.

What is the esoteric significance?

These virtues can be read as purifications of speech (satya), body/mind (śauca), action (ahiṃsā), emotion (anasūyā, kṣamā), relational field (ānṛśaṃsya, akārpaṇya), and inner satisfaction (santoṣa), stabilizing meditation and insight.