Shloka 19

Adhyaya 22 — Kuvalayashva’s Death through Daitya-Deceit and Madalasa’s Self-Immolation

Sanskrit

म्रियमाणेन तेनिदं दत्तं मे कण्ठभूषणम् ।

प्रापितश्चाग्निसंयोगं स वने शूद्रतापसैः ॥

Transliteration

mriyamāṇena tenedaṃ dattaṃ me kaṇṭhabhūṣaṇam | prāpitaścāgnisaṃyogaṃ sa vane śūdratāpasaiḥ ||

Translation

Saat ajal mendekat, ia memberiku perhiasan kalung ini; dan para pertapa śūdra membawanya ke dalam hutan untuk bersentuhan dengan api (yakni dikremasi).

Word by Word

• म्रियमाणेन: by (him) who was dying
• म्रियमाणेन: Karana (करण/Instrumental agent)
• Type: Verb
• Root: मृ (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमान कृदन्त (शानच्/Present middle participle), पुं/नपुं, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• तेन: by him
• तेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुं, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• दत्तम्: given
• दत्तम्: Kriya (क्रिया; passive predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त/Past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• मे: to me
• मे: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान/Recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: चतुर्थी (4th/Dative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• कण्ठभूषणम्: a neck-ornament
• कण्ठभूषणम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कण्ठ + भूषण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (कण्ठस्य भूषणम्)

• प्रापितः: was brought/was made to reach
• प्रापितः: Karta (कर्ता; subject ‘he’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-आप्/आप् (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त/Past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; causative sense in usage ‘caused to reach’

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)

• अग्निसंयोगम्: contact with fire
• अग्निसंयोगम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि + संयोग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (अग्नेः संयोगम्)

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• वने: in the forest
• वने: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

• शूद्रतापसैः: by Śūdra ascetics
• शूद्रतापसैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शूद्र + तापस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन; कर्मधारय (शूद्राः तापसाः)

Speakers

• Tālāketu reporting

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Last gift and testimony
• Death rites / fire-contact
• Ascetic communities

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

A final act of giving (dāna) at death seals relationship and truth: the necklace becomes evidence and remembrance. The mention of forest ascetics handling fire-contact points to communal responsibility in crisis.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ākhyāna. It may touch dharma (antyeṣṭi/fire) incidentally, but it is not a prescriptive ritual section in itself.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Fire-contact’ signifies purification and transition; the dying gift represents the transfer of unresolved duty to the witness who must now act to restore order.