Shloka 53
Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 71 — Kṣatra-dharma Counsel, Public Legitimacy, and Mobilization
Devanagari script
सर्वथा वृजिन युद्ध को घ्नन् न प्रतिहन्यते । हतस्य च हृषीकेश समौ जयपराजयौ
Translation
Dari sini nyata bahwa perang sepenuhnya bersifat dosa. Siapa yang membunuh orang lain dapat luput tanpa pada akhirnya terbunuh sebagai balasan? Wahai Hṛṣīkeśa, bagi yang gugur di medan perang, kemenangan dan kekalahan sama belaka.
Word by Word
सर्वथाin every way; entirely
सर्वथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वथा
वृजिनयुद्धकःone who fights a sinful battle / a sinful warrior
वृजिनयुद्धकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवृजिनयुद्धक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
घ्नन्killing; slaying
घ्नन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
प्रतिहन्यतेis struck back; is slain in return
प्रतिहन्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रतिहन्
FormPresent (Lat), Passive, Third, Singular
हतस्यof the slain
हतस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootहन्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
हृषीकेशO Hrishikesha (Krishna)
हृषीकेश:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootहृषीकेश
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
समौequal (the two)
समौ:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
जयपराजयौvictory and defeat
जयपराजयौ:
TypeNoun
Rootजय-पराजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
Speaker
युधिछिर उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes