Udyoga Parva Adhyaya 34 Shloka 46 - Mahabharata | Indonesian | Vedapath

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Shloka 46

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 34 — Vidura’s Counsel on Deliberation, Speech-Discipline, and Dharmic Kingship

Devanagari script

अगारदाही गरद: कुण्डाशी सोमविक्रयी । पर्वकारश्न सूची च मित्रध्रुक्‌ पारदारिक:

Transliteration

agāradāhī garadaḥ kuṇḍāśī somavikrayī | parvakāraś ca sūcī ca mitradhruk pāradārikaḥ ||

Translation

Vidura bersabda: orang yang membakar rumah orang lain, yang meracuni, yang hidup dari penghasilan anak hasil zina, yang menjual soma, yang menempa senjata, yang menjadi penyebar fitnah, yang mengkhianati sahabat, dan yang mengincar istri orang lain—semuanya tergolong pelaku dosa berat.

Word by Word

अगारदाहीone who sets houses on fire (arsonist)

गरदःpoisoner (one who gives poison)

कुण्डाशीone who lives by/feeds on a bastard’s earnings (base dependent)

सोमविक्रयीseller of soma (soma-trader)

पर्वकारःweapon-maker / maker of blades (lit. maker of ‘parva’)

श्नःunclear particle/reading

सूचीinformer; tale-bearer; spy (lit. ‘pointer’)

चand

मित्रध्रुक्betrayer of a friend; friend-harmer

पारदारिकःadulterer; one who goes to others’ wives

Speaker

विदुर उवाच

Characters & Entities

Vidura

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Vidura classifies certain acts—arson, poisoning, betrayal, adultery, malicious informing, and harmful livelihoods—as severe ethical violations. The teaching stresses that society’s trust (home, friendship, marriage, and truthful speech) is foundational to dharma, and those who destroy it are to be regarded as gravely culpable.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Vidura’s counsel (nīti) within the Udyoga Parva, he enumerates categories of condemned persons as part of a broader moral instruction to the Kuru court context, warning against associating with or excusing those whose conduct undermines social and moral order.