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Shloka 81

उद्योगपर्व — अध्याय 33: धृतराष्ट्र-विदुर संवादः (विदुरनीतिः)

यस्मै देवा: प्रयच्छन्ति पुरुषाय पराभवम्‌ | बुद्धि तस्पापकर्षन्ति सोडवाचीनानि पश्यति,देवतालोग जिसे पराजय देते हैं, उसकी बुद्धिको पहले ही हर लेते हैं; इससे वह नीच कर्मोंपर ही अधिक दृष्टि रखता है

yasmai devāḥ prayacchanti puruṣāya parābhavam | buddhiṃ tasya apakarṣanti so 'vācīn āni paśyati ||

Vidura berkata: Bila para dewa menetapkan kekalahan bagi seseorang, terlebih dahulu mereka menarik pergi daya budi dan kejernihan penilaiannya. Kehilangan pertimbangan yang benar, ia justru memusatkan pandangan pada hal-hal yang hina dan tak patut, lalu melangkah menuju kebinasaan melalui pilihan-pilihan rendah.

यस्मैto whom
यस्मै:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
देवाःthe gods
देवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रयच्छन्तिgrant, bestow
प्रयच्छन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + यम्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
पुरुषायto a man
पुरुषाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
पराभवम्defeat, downfall
पराभवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपराभव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
बुद्धिम्intellect, judgment
बुद्धिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
तस्यof him
तस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अपाकर्षन्तिdraw away, take away
अपाकर्षन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअप + कृश्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अवाचीनानिbase, improper (things/deeds)
अवाचीनानि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअवाचीन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
पश्यतिsees, regards
पश्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
D
devāḥ (the gods)
P
puruṣa (a man/person)
B
buddhi (discernment/intellect)
P
parābhava (defeat/downfall)

Educational Q&A

Downfall begins internally: when discernment (buddhi) is lost, a person starts approving and pursuing low, unethical actions; this moral blindness itself becomes the pathway to defeat.

In Vidura’s counsel during the Udyoga Parva, he warns that those headed for ruin first lose sound judgment, which makes them choose ignoble courses—an implicit admonition to avoid adharma and heed wise advice.