Shloka 79
Adhyaya 32: Saṃjaya’s Return, Audience with Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and Ethical Admonition
षडिमान् पुरुषो जह्याद् भिन्नां नावमिवार्णवे | अप्रवक्तारमाचार्यमनधीयानमृत्विजम्
ṣaḍ imān puruṣo jahyād bhinnāṁ nāvam ivārṇave | apravaktāram ācāryam anadhīyānam ṛtvijam | arakṣitāram rājānaṁ kaṭuvādinīṁ striyam | grāmavāsābhikāmaṁ gopaṁ vanavāsābhikāmaṁ nāpitam ||
Vidura bersabda: Seorang hendaknya meninggalkan enam ini, sebagaimana orang meninggalkan perahu bocor di samudra: guru yang tak memberi ajaran, pendeta (rtvij) yang tak belajar, raja yang tak mampu melindungi, istri yang bertutur kasar, penggembala yang rindu tinggal di desa, dan tukang cukur yang rindu tinggal di hutan.
विदुर उवाच
Educational Q&A
Dharma is functional as well as moral: roles like teacher, priest, king, and spouse must uphold their defining duties. When a relationship or office becomes fundamentally unfit—like a leaking boat at sea—one should not cling out of sentiment, because it endangers one’s welfare and undermines social order.
In Udyoga Parva, Vidura offers counsel (Vidura-nīti) during the tense pre-war negotiations. Here he gives a pointed list of six ‘unserviceable’ dependences—teacher, priest, king, wife, cowherd, barber—using the ocean-and-leaking-boat image to stress timely discernment and self-preservation within dharma.