Shloka 62
Adhyaya 32: Saṃjaya’s Return, Audience with Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and Ethical Admonition
त्रयो न््याया मनुष्याणां श्रूयन्ते भरतर्षभ । कनीयान् मध्यम: श्रेष्ठ इति वेदविदो विदु:ः,भरतश्रेष्ठ! मनुष्योंकी कार्यसिद्धिके लिये उत्तम, मध्यम और अधम--ये तीन प्रकारके न्यायानुकूल उपाय सुने जाते हैं, ऐसा वेदवेत्ता विद्वान् जानते हैं
trayo nyāyā manuṣyāṇāṃ śrūyante bharatarṣabha | kanīyān madhyamaḥ śreṣṭha iti vedavido viduḥ ||
Wahai banteng di antara Bharata, tradisi menyebut tiga macam naya (cara/strategi) bagi manusia untuk mencapai keberhasilan: yang rendah, yang menengah, dan yang terbaik—demikian diketahui para ahli Weda.
विदुर उवाच
Educational Q&A
Vidura introduces a moral-ethical framework: human action and goal-achievement can be pursued through three graded ‘ways’—inferior, middling, and best—implying that one should choose the highest, most dharmic means rather than merely effective ones.
In Udyoga Parva, Vidura is counseling the Kuru elder (addressed as ‘Bharatarṣabha’) during the tense pre-war negotiations. He begins by laying out a structured typology of approaches to success, preparing to recommend the superior course aligned with dharma.