Shloka 1

अकाल त्र्यशीर्त्याधेकशततमो< ध्याय: भीष्मको अष्टवसुओंसे प्रस्वापनास्त्रकी प्राप्ति भीष्म उवाच ततोऊहं निशि राजेन्द्र प्रणम्य शिरसा तदा । ब्राह्मणानां पितृणां च देवतानां च सर्वश:,भीष्मजी कहते हैं--राजेन्द्र! तदनन्तर मैं रातके समय एकान्तमें शय्यापर जाकर ब्राह्मणों, पितरों, देवताओं, निशाचरों, भूतों तथा राजर्षिगणोंको मस्तक झुकाकर प्रणाम करनेके पश्चात्‌ मन-ही-मन इस प्रकार चिन्ता करने लगा

bhīṣma uvāca | tato'haṃ niśi rājendra praṇamya śirasā tadā | brāhmaṇānāṃ pitṝṇāṃ ca devatānāṃ ca sarvaśaḥ |

Bhishma berkata: “Wahai Rajendra, kemudian pada malam hari aku menundukkan kepala, menghaturkan sembah dengan segala cara kepada para Brahmana, para Pitri, dan para dewa; lalu aku mulai merenung dalam batin.”

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
ततःthen/thereafter
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअहम्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
निशिat night
निशि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनिशा
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
राजेन्द्रO king of kings
राजेन्द्र:
TypeNoun
Rootराजेन्द्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
प्रणम्यhaving bowed
प्रणम्य:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-नम्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Active
शिरसाwith (my) head
शिरसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशिरस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
तदाat that time
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
ब्राह्मणानाम्of the Brahmins
ब्राह्मणानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
पितृणाम्of the ancestors (pitrs)
पितृणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
देवतानाम्of the deities
देवतानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootदेवता
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सर्वशःin every way / altogether
सर्वशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वशः

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
King (rājendra; addressed listener, traditionally Dhritarashtra in Udyoga Parva narration)
B
Brahmanas
P
Pitrs (ancestors)
D
Deities (devatāḥ)

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds dharmic orientation before action: one begins deliberation by honoring sources of sacred authority—Brahmanas (Vedic wisdom), Pitrs (lineage and obligation), and Devatas (cosmic order)—so that one’s decisions arise from humility and responsibility rather than impulse.

Bhishma describes a nighttime moment of solitude in which he bows in reverence to revered beings and then turns to inward contemplation, setting the stage for the counsel or strategy that follows in the chapter.