Shloka 18

Devanagari script

उदतिष्ठत्‌ स वेगेन क्रोधेन प्रज्वलजन्निव । उद्वृत्य सहसा नेत्रे दन्तान्‌ कटकटाय्य च

Transliteration

udatiṣṭhat sa vegena krodhena prajvalann iva | udvṛtya sahasā netre dantān kaṭakaṭāyya ca ||

Translation

Sañjaya berkata—ia bangkit dengan cepat, seakan menyala oleh amarah. Seketika ia membelalakkan mata dan mengertakkan gigi.

Word by Word

• उदतिष्ठत्: rose up
• उदतिष्ठत्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: उत्-स्था (स्था धातु)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• सः: he
• सः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• वेगेन: with speed/impetuously
• वेगेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेग
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• क्रोधेन: with anger
• क्रोधेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रोध
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• प्रज्वलजन्: blazing
• प्रज्वलजन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-√ज्वल्
• Form: शतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• इव: as if/like
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• उद्वृत्य: having rolled up/raised (e.g., eyes)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उद्-√वृत्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Active

• सहसा: suddenly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सहसा

• नेत्रे: the two eyes
• नेत्रे: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: नेत्र
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Dual

• दन्तान्: teeth
• दन्तान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दन्त
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• कटकटाय्य: having gnashed (making a clattering sound)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कटकटाय् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund; Vedic/epic variant -य्य for -त्वा), Active

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• संजय (Sañjaya)
• an unnamed male figure (saḥ)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how anger manifests physically and rapidly overwhelms composure; ethically, it warns that unchecked wrath is a precursor to harmful speech and action, especially in moments leading toward conflict.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya describes a person abruptly rising in a surge of rage—eyes rolling and teeth gnashing—indicating an escalation of tension and an imminent, potentially violent response within the war-preparatory setting of the Udyoga Parva.