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Shloka 8

कर्ण–कृष्णसंवादः (Karṇa–Kṛṣṇa-saṃvādaḥ) — Karṇa’s Statement on Lineage, Loyalty, and the ‘Śastra-yajña’ Metaphor

कानीनश्न सहोढश्ष कन्यायां यक्ष जायते । वोढारं पितरं तस्य प्राहुः शास्त्रविदो जना:,कर्ण! कन्याके गर्भसे जो पुत्र उत्पन्न होता है, उसके दो भेद बताये जाते हैं--कानीन और सहोढ। (जो विवाहसे पहले उत्पन्न होता है, वह कानीन है और जो विवाहके पहले गर्भमें आकर विवाहके बाद उत्पन्न होता है, वह सहोढ कहलाता है।) वैसे पुत्रकी माताका जिसके साथ विवाह होता है, शास्त्रज्ञोंने उसीको उसका पिता बताया है

kānīnaś ca sahoḍhaś ca kanyāyāṃ yakṣa jāyate | voḍhāraṃ pitaraṃ tasya prāhuḥ śāstravido janāḥ karṇa |

Vāyu berkata, “Wahai Karṇa, bila seorang putra lahir dari seorang gadis yang belum bersuami, śāstra menyebutnya dua macam—kānīna dan sahoḍha. Para ahli śāstra menyatakan bahwa laki-laki yang menikahi sang ibu harus dipandang sebagai ayah anak itu.”

कानीनःa son called kānīna (born before marriage)
कानीनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकानीन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सहोढःa son called sahōḍha (conceived before marriage, born after)
सहोढः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसहोढ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कन्यायाम्in/with an unmarried girl
कन्यायाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकन्या
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
यःwho/which
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जायतेis born/arises
जायते:
TypeVerb
Rootजन्
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada, Third, Singular
वोढारम्the husband (the one who has married her)
वोढारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवोढृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पितरम्father
पितरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तस्यof him/of that (child)
तस्य:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
प्राहुःthey have said/declare
प्राहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र+अह्
FormPerfect, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
शास्त्रविदःknowers of the śāstras
शास्त्रविदः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशास्त्रविद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
जनाःpeople
जनाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कर्णO Karṇa
कर्ण:
TypeNoun
Rootकर्ण
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyudeva (Vāyu)
Y
Yakṣa
K
Karna

Educational Q&A

The verse distinguishes two dharma-śāstric categories of sons connected with pre-marital conception/birth (kānīna and sahoḍha) and asserts a normative rule of social/legal fatherhood: the man who marries the mother is recognized as the father.

Vāyudeva addresses the Yakṣa and also speaks to Karṇa, explaining scriptural classifications of birth and the principle by which paternity is assigned, framing questions of lineage and legitimacy within śāstric authority.