Shloka 15

विद्वान्‌ पुरुष कहते हैं कि प्राणियोंका शरीर रथके समान है, सत्त्व (सत्त्वगुणप्रधान बुद्धि) सारथि है, इन्द्रियाँ घोड़े हैं और मन लगाम है। जो पुरुष स्वेच्छापूर्वक दौड़ते हुए उन घोड़ोंके वेगका अनुसरण करता है, वह तो इस संसारचक्रमें पहियेके समान घूमता रहता है ।। यस्तान्‌ संयमते बुद्धया संयतो न निवर्तते । ये तु संसारचक्रेडस्मिं श्व॒क्रवत्‌ परिवर्तिते

vidvān puruṣāḥ kathayanti yat prāṇināṁ śarīraṁ ratha-samam; sattvaṁ (sattva-guṇa-pradhānā buddhiḥ) sārathiḥ, indriyāṇi aśvāḥ, manaś ca lagāmaḥ. yaḥ puruṣaḥ svecchayā dhāvataḥ tān aśvānāṁ vegam anusarati, sa tu asmin saṁsāra-cakre cakravat parivartate. yas tān saṁyamate buddhyā saṁyataḥ na nivartate; ye tu saṁsāra-cakre ’smin cakravat parivartante.

Orang bijak menyatakan: tubuh makhluk hidup bagaikan kereta; intelek yang jernih, dituntun sattva, adalah kusirnya; indria adalah kuda-kudanya; dan pikiran adalah tali kekang. Seseorang yang dengan kemauannya sendiri mengikuti laju kuda-kuda itu—pergi ke mana pun indria menarik—akan terus berputar dalam roda saṃsāra, laksana roda kereta. Namun ia yang mengekang semuanya dengan kebijaksanaan pembedaan tetap terkendali dan tidak kembali jatuh ke dalam putaran itu.

यःwho (he who)
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तान्those (them)
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
संयमतेrestrains, controls
संयमते:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-यम्
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada, Third, Singular
बुद्ध्याby (his) intellect
बुद्ध्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
संयतःself-controlled, restrained
संयतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-यम्
FormPast Passive Participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
निवर्ततेturns back, returns (from the path)
निवर्तते:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-वृत्
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada, Third, Singular
येthose who
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तुbut, however
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
संसारचक्रेin the wheel/cycle of transmigration
संसारचक्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंसारचक्र
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
अस्मिन्in this
अस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
चक्रवत्like a wheel
चक्रवत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचक्रवत्
परिवर्तितेrevolve, keep turning
परिवर्तिते:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-वृत्
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada, Third, Plural

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
C
chariot (ratha)
C
charioteer (sārathi)
H
horses (aśvāḥ)
R
rein (lagāmaḥ)
S
saṁsāra-cakra (wheel of worldly existence)

Educational Q&A

Human bondage is sustained by voluntarily chasing sense-impulses; freedom begins with buddhi (discernment) restraining the senses and steadying the mind, so one no longer revolves in saṁsāra.

In Strī Parva’s lament-filled aftermath of war, Vidura offers moral instruction: he uses the chariot analogy to explain inner governance—how uncontrolled senses keep one trapped, and how disciplined intelligence leads to stability and release.