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Shloka 1

Saṃsāra-gahana-jñāna: Vidura’s Account of Embodiment, Bondage, and Dharmic Release (संसारगहन-ज्ञानम्)

अपना बछ। अर: चतुथों5 ध्याय: दुःखमय संसारके गहन स्वरूपका वर्णन और उससे छूटनेका उपाय धृतराष्ट उवाच कथं संसारगहन विज्ञेयं वदतां वर | एतदिच्छाम्यहं श्रोतुं तत््वमाख्याहि पृच्छत:,धृतराष्ट्रने पूछा--वक्ताओंमें श्रेष्ठ विदुरर! इस गहन संसारके स्वरूपका ज्ञान कैसे हो? यह मैं सुनना चाहता हूँ। मेरे प्रश्नके अनुसार तुम इस विषयका यथार्थरूपसे वर्णन करो

dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca | kathaṃ saṃsāragahanaṃ vijñeyaṃ vadatāṃ vara | etad icchāmy ahaṃ śrotuṃ tattvam ākhyāhi pṛcchataḥ ||

Dhṛtarāṣṭra berkata: “Wahai Vidura, yang terbaik di antara para penutur! Bagaimana seseorang dapat sungguh memahami belantara samsara yang rapat dan membingungkan ini? Aku ingin mendengarnya. Sesuai pertanyaanku, jelaskan hakikatnya dengan jelas.”

धृतराष्ट्रःDhṛtarāṣṭra
धृतराष्ट्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधृतराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
कथम्how
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
संसारगहनम्the deep/inscrutable thicket of saṃsāra
संसारगहनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंसारगहन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
विज्ञेयम्is to be known / should be understood
विज्ञेयम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-ज्ञा
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular, तव्यत् (gerundive), Passive sense
वदताम्of (those) speaking
वदताम्:
TypeNoun
Rootवद्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural, शतृ (present active participle)
वरO best (one)
वर:
TypeNoun
Rootवर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इच्छामिI wish/desire
इच्छामि:
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormPresent, 1, Singular, Parasmaipada
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअहम्
FormNominative, Singular
श्रोतुम्to hear
श्रोतुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
Formतुमुन् (infinitive)
तत्त्वम्the truth / reality
तत्त्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतत्त्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आख्याहिtell / explain
आख्याहि:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-ख्या
FormImperative, 2, Singular, Parasmaipada
पृच्छतःof (me) asking / of the questioner
पृच्छतः:
TypeNoun
Rootपृच्छ्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular, शतृ (present active participle)

धृतराष्ट उवाच

D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
V
Vidura (implied by 'vadatāṃ vara')
S
Saṃsāra

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharmic inquiry: true liberation-oriented wisdom begins with recognizing saṃsāra as a confusing entanglement and seeking tattva (reality) from a trustworthy, discerning teacher.

In the aftermath of the war’s devastation, Dhṛtarāṣṭra turns to a renowned counselor (Vidura) and asks for a clear explanation of the nature of worldly bondage and how it can be rightly understood.