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Shloka 1

Kośārtha-Rājadharma: Ethical Revenue Collection and Social Regulation (कोशार्थ-राजधर्मः)

अपन क्रा छा अं क्ज अष्टाशीतितमो<् ध्याय: प्रजासे कर लेने तथा कोश-संग्रह करनेका प्रकार युधिषछ्िर उवाच यदा राजा समर्थो5पि कोशार्थी स्यान्महामते । कथं प्रवर्तेत तदा तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह,युधिष्ठिरने पूछा--परम बुद्धिमान पितामह! जब राजा पूर्णतः समर्थ हो--उसपर कोई संकट न आया हो, तो भी यदि वह अपना कोश बढ़ाना चाहे तो उसे किस तरहका उपाय काममें लाना चाहिये, यह मुझे बताइये

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | yadā rājā samartho 'pi kośārthī syān mahāmate | kathaṃ pravarteta tadā tan me brūhi pitāmaha ||

Yudhiṣṭhira berkata: “Wahai kakek agung yang berhikmat, bila seorang raja sepenuhnya mampu dan tidak menghadapi krisis apa pun, namun tetap ingin menambah perbendaharaannya, jalan tindakan apakah yang harus ditempuh? Mohon jelaskan kepadaku.”

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
समर्थःcapable, competent
समर्थः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसमर्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिeven, although
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
कोशार्थीdesirous of treasury/wealth
कोशार्थी:
TypeAdjective
Rootकोशार्थिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्यात्should be, might be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
महामतेO great-minded one
महामते:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootमहामति
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
कथम्how
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
प्रवर्तेतshould proceed/act
प्रवर्तेत:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
FormOptative, 3, Singular, Atmanepada
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
तत्that (matter)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मेto me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormDative, Singular
ब्रूहिtell (me)
ब्रूहि:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperative, 2, Singular, Parasmaipada
पितामहO grandsire
पितामह:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootपितामह
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिषछ्िर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
P
Pitāmaha (Bhīṣma)
K
king (as an archetypal ruler)
K
kośa (treasury)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharmic problem of governance: even without emergency, a king may need to strengthen the treasury, but must do so through a proper, ethical method—implying restraint, legitimacy, and concern for subjects rather than greed.

In the Śānti Parva dialogue on rājadharma, Yudhiṣṭhira asks the elder authority (Bhīṣma) for guidance on how a stable and capable king should increase state revenue and reserves.