Shloka 2
Vyavahāra-Śuddhi and Rājadharma: Clean Administration, Counsel, and Proportional Punishment
Chapter 86
Devanagari script
भीष्म उवाच व्यवहारेण शुद्धेन प्रजापालनतत्पर: । प्राप्प धर्म च कीर्ति च लोकानाप्रोत्युभी शुचि:
Translation
Bhīṣma berkata: “Wahai raja, siapa yang dengan perilaku yang suci—lahir dan batin bersih—senantiasa tekun memelihara rakyat, ia meraih dharma dan kemasyhuran, serta menegakkan kebaikan di dunia ini dan di alam sana.”
Word by Word
भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
व्यवहारेणby conduct/behavior
व्यवहारेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootव्यवहार
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
शुद्धेनpure
शुद्धेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootशुद्ध
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
प्रजापालनतत्परःintent on protecting the subjects
प्रजापालनतत्परः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतत्पर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्राप्यhaving obtained
प्राप्य:
TypeVerb
Rootआप्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Active
धर्मम्righteousness/dharma
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
कीर्तिम्fame/glory
कीर्तिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकीर्ति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
लोकान्worlds (this and the next)
लोकान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
आप्नोतिattains
आप्नोति:
TypeVerb
Rootआप्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
उभौboth
उभौ:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउभ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
शुचिःpure (inwardly/outwardly)
शुचिः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशुचि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes