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Shloka 38

आपद्धर्मे वैश्यवृत्तिः, विक्रय-निषेधाः, तथा ब्रह्म-क्षत्र-सम्बन्धः

Emergency Livelihood, Prohibited Trade, and Brahman–Kshatra Regulation

भीष्म उवाच अपारे यो भवेत्‌ पारमप्लवे यः प्लवो भवेत्‌ | शूद्रो वा यदि वाप्यन्य: सर्वथा मानमर्हति,भीष्मजीने कहा--बेटा! जो अपार संकटसे पार लगा दे, नौकाके अभावमें डूबते हुएको जो नाव बनकर सहारा दे, वह शूद्र हो या कोई अन्य, सर्वथा सम्मानके योग्य है

bhīṣma uvāca | apāre yo bhavet pāram aplave yaḥ plavo bhavet | śūdro vā yadi vāpy anyaḥ sarvathā mānam arhati |

Bhishma berkata: “Wahai anakku, siapa pun yang menyeberangkan orang lain ketika seberang tak tampak, dan yang menjadi perahu bagi orang yang tenggelam ketika tak ada perahu—entah ia seorang Śūdra atau siapa pun—ia sepenuhnya layak menerima kehormatan.”

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular
अपारेin the boundless (danger), in an impassable situation
अपारे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअपार
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्may be / would be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Potential), 3rd, Singular
पारम्the far shore, safety
पारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपार
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अप्लवेwhen there is no boat/raft (in a boatless situation)
अप्लवे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअप्लव
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्लवःa boat/raft
प्लवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्लव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्may be / would be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Potential), 3rd, Singular
शूद्रःa Shudra
शूद्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अपिeven
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अन्यःanother (person)
अन्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वथाin every way, certainly
सर्वथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वथा
मानम्honour, respect
मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमान
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अर्हतिdeserves
अर्हति:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
S
Shudra
B
boat/raft (plava)

Educational Q&A

Honor should be based on virtue and beneficent action—especially rescuing or supporting others in crisis—not on birth or social category. One who becomes a 'boat' for others in danger deserves respect regardless of varna.

In Bhishma’s instruction on dharma in the Shanti Parva, he states a principle of ethical evaluation: a person who provides decisive help when no help is available—metaphorically enabling crossing a shoreless danger—must be honored, even if society labels him a Shudra or otherwise low-status.