Shloka 4
Brāhmaṇa-bheda-nirṇaya and Rājā’s Regulatory Duties (ब्राह्मणभेदनिर्णयः)
जन्मकर्मविहीना ये कदर्या ब्रह्म॒बन्धव: । एते शूद्रसमा राजन ब्राह्मणानां भवन्त्युत,राजन्! जो अपने जातीय कर्मसे हीन हो कुत्सित कर्मोमें लगकर ब्राह्मणत्वसे भ्रष्ट हो चुके हैं, ऐसे लोग ब्राह्मणोंमें शूद्रके तुल्य होते हैं
janma-karmavihīnā ye kadaryā brahma-bandhavaḥ | ete śūdra-samā rājan brāhmaṇānāṁ bhavanty uta ||
Wahai Raja, mereka yang tidak menjalankan kewajiban sesuai kelahiran dan laku hidupnya, yang hina dan mencari nafkah lewat perbuatan tercela—orang-orang semacam itu, ‘kerabat brahmana’ yang telah jatuh dari brahmanatva sejati, di antara kaum brahmana dipandang setara dengan śūdra.
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Status as a ‘Brahmin’ is not upheld by birth-label alone; it is validated by adherence to the duties and ethical conduct appropriate to that station. When one abandons those duties and engages in blameworthy acts, one is treated—within the moral-social framework of the text—as equivalent to a Shudra.
In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhishma addresses King Yudhishthira and explains criteria for evaluating people within the varna framework, emphasizing conduct and duty as the measure, and describing the category ‘brahma-bandhu’ for those who have fallen from Brahmin standards.