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Shloka 10

राजधर्मः—प्रजापालनं दानयज्ञश्च

Royal Duty—Protection of Subjects, Generosity, and Sacrificial Discipline

तादृशात्‌ किल्बिषाद्‌ राजा शृणु येन प्रमुच्यते । प्रत्याहर्तुमशक्यं स्याद्‌ धन॑ चोरै्ह्वत॑ यदि । तत्‌ स्वकोशातृ्‌ प्रदेयं स्पादशक्तेनोपजीवत:,ऐसे पापसे राजाको किस उपायसे छुटकारा मिलता है, वह बताता हूँ, सुनो। चोरों या लुटेरोंने यदि किसीके धनका अपहरण कर लिया हो और राजा पता लगाकर उस धनको लौटा न सके तो उस असमर्थ नरेशको चाहिये कि वह अपने आश्रयमें रहनेवाले उस मनुष्यको उतना ही धन राजकीय खजानेसे दे दे

tādṛśāt kilbiṣād rājā śṛṇu yena pramucyate | pratyāhartum aśakyaṃ syād dhanaṃ corair hṛtaṃ yadi | tat svakośāt pradeyaṃ syād aśaktenopajīvataḥ ||

Dengarkanlah, wahai raja, cara untuk terbebas dari dosa semacam itu. Jika pencuri atau perampok merampas harta seseorang dan raja tidak mampu menemukannya serta mengembalikannya, maka raja—meski tak berdaya dalam hal itu—hendaknya mengganti kerugian dengan memberikan jumlah yang setara dari perbendaharaan kerajaannya kepada orang yang berada dalam lindungannya.

तादृशात्from such
तादृशात्:
Apadana
TypeAdjective
Rootतादृश
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
किल्बिषात्from sin/offence
किल्बिषात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootकिल्बिष
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शृणुhear
शृणु:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormImperative, Second, Singular
येनby which (means)
येन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
प्रमुच्यतेis released/freed
प्रमुच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootमुच्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Passive
प्रत्याहर्तुम्to recover/bring back
प्रत्याहर्तुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-आ-हृ
FormInfinitive (tumun)
अशक्यम्impossible
अशक्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअशक्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
स्यात्would be/might be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative, Third, Singular
धनम्wealth/money
धनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधन
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
चोरैःby thieves
चोरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootचोर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
हृतम्stolen/taken away
हृतम्:
TypeVerb
Rootहृ
FormPast passive participle, Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
तत्that (wealth)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
स्वकोशात्from (his) own treasury
स्वकोशात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वकोश
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
प्रदेयम्to be given
प्रदेयम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रदेय
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
स्यात्should be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative, Third, Singular
अशक्तेनby the unable (king)
अशक्तेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअशक्त
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
उपजीवताम्to those living under (his) protection/dependents
उपजीवताम्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootउपजीवत्
FormMasculine, Dative/Genitive, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
King (rājā)
T
Thieves/robbers (corāḥ)
R
Royal treasury (svakośa)
D
Dependent subject/victim (upajīvataḥ)

Educational Q&A

A ruler bears responsibility for protecting subjects’ property; if he cannot recover stolen wealth, he should compensate the victim from the royal treasury to avoid moral fault and to uphold justice.

In Bhishma’s instruction on rajadharma in the Shanti Parva, he tells the king that when theft occurs and recovery is impossible, the king should make the victim whole by paying an equivalent amount from state funds.