Shloka 12
राजा-दैवतत्वम् — The King as a Stabilizing ‘Daivata’ (Divine Function) in Social Order
Devanagari script
तस्माद् राजैव कर्तव्य: सततं भूतिमिच्छता । न धनार्थो न दारार्थस्तेषां येघामराजकम्
Translation
Karena itu, siapa pun yang senantiasa menginginkan kemakmuran hendaknya menegakkan seorang raja demi perlindungan negeri. Di negeri yang tanpa raja, harta tak dapat terjaga dan hak atas perempuan pun tak mungkin tetap teguh.
Word by Word
तस्मात्therefore/from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
राजाa king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
कर्तव्यःto be made/should be appointed
कर्तव्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootकर्तव्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सततम्always/constantly
सततम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसतत
भूतिम्prosperity/welfare
भूतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभूति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
इच्छताby one who desires
इच्छता:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootइच्छत्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
धनार्थःwealth-purpose/aim of wealth
धनार्थः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधनार्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नnor/not
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
दारार्थःwife-purpose/aim regarding wives
दारार्थः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदारार्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेषाम्of those
तेषाम्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
येwho/which (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
अमराजकम्kingless/without a king (anarchy)
अमराजकम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअमराजक
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes