Shloka 9
Brāhmaṇa-Dharma, Āśrama Eligibility, and the Primacy of Rāja-Dharma (Śānti Parva 63)
वृद्धा कृषिवणिक्त्वेन जीवसंजीवनेन च । वेत्तुमहसि राजेन्द्र स्वाध्यायगणितं महत्,राजेन्द्र! वैश्यकी व्याज लेनेवाली वृत्ति, खेती और वाणिज्यके समान तथा क्षत्रियके प्रजापालनरूप कर्मके समान ब्राह्मणोंके लिये वेदाभ्यासरूपी कर्म ही महान् है--ऐसा तुम्हें समझना चाहिये
vṛddhā kṛṣivaṇiktvena jīvasaṃjīvanena ca | vettum arhasi rājendra svādhyāyagaṇitaṃ mahat ||
Yudhiṣṭhira berkata: “Wahai raja terbaik, pahamilah ini: sebagaimana mata pencaharian besar kaum Vaiśya ialah memberi pinjaman berbunga, bertani, dan berdagang, dan sebagaimana kewajiban kaum Kṣatriya ialah melindungi serta memerintah rakyat, demikian pula bagi kaum Brāhmaṇa pekerjaan yang sungguh agung ialah svādhyāya—mempelajari dan melafalkan Weda.”
युधिषछ्िर उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse frames dharma through role-based duties: livelihood and social function differ by varna, and for Brāhmaṇas the highest, defining work is svādhyāya—disciplined Vedic study and recitation—paralleling the Vaiśya’s economic occupations and the Kṣatriya’s duty of protecting subjects.
In Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma after the war, Yudhiṣṭhira addresses the senior authority (Bhīṣma) and articulates a comparison of occupational duties, emphasizing that Brāhmaṇas are primarily sustained and defined by sacred learning (svādhyāya), just as other social orders are defined by their respective functions.