Shloka 39
आसुरश्रैव विजयस्तथा कार्त्स्न्येन वर्णित: । लक्षणं पज्चवर्गस्य त्रिविध॑ चात्र वर्णितम्,शत्रुओंपर चढ़ाई करनेके चार- अवसर, त्रिवर्गके विस्तार, धर्म-विजय, अर्थ-विजय तथा आसुर-विजयका भी कक्त ग्रन्थमें पूर्णरूपसे वर्णन किया गया है। मन्त्री, राष्ट्र, दुर्ग, सेना और कोष--इन पाँच वर्गोंके उत्तम, मध्यम और अधम भेदसे तीन प्रकारके लक्षणोंका भी प्रतिपादन किया गया है
āsuraś caiva vijayas tathā kārtsnyena varṇitaḥ | lakṣaṇaṁ pañcavargasya trividhaṁ cātra varṇitam ||
Bhishma berkata: Di sini kemenangan yang bersifat asura (kejam dan tak ber-dharma) pun telah diuraikan secara lengkap. Demikian pula ciri-ciri lima unsur negara telah dipaparkan dalam tiga tingkatan.
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Bhīṣma classifies victory by its ethical quality—victory aligned with dharma, victory pursued through wealth/power (artha), and victory achieved through ruthless coercion (āsura). He also teaches that sound governance depends on assessing the five state-constituents and recognizing their superior, middling, and inferior conditions.
In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma summarizes what has been covered: strategic occasions for attacking enemies, the framework of the three aims of life, and a systematic account of different kinds of conquest, along with a graded evaluation of the minister, realm, fort, army, and treasury.