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Shloka 123

Varṇa-dharma and Rājadharma: Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry and Bhīṣma’s Normative Outline (वर्णधर्म-राजधर्म-प्रश्नोत्तरम्)

उनके राज्यमें किसीको बुढ़ापा, दुर्भिक्ष तथा आधि-व्याधिका कष्ट नहीं था। राजाकी ओरसे रक्षाकी समुचित व्यवस्था होनेके कारण वहाँ कभी किसीको सर्पों, चोरों तथा आपसके लोगोंसे भय नहीं प्राप्त होता था ।।

āpasta-stambhire cāsya samudram abhiyāsyataḥ | parvatāś ca dadur mārgaṁ dhvaja-bhaṅgaś ca nābhavat ||

Bhīṣma berkata: Di kerajaannya tak seorang pun menderita karena usia tua, kelaparan, ataupun penyakit batin dan jasmani. Karena sang raja menata perlindungan dengan semestinya, tak ada seorang pun yang hidup dalam ketakutan terhadap ular, pencuri, atau orang-orang bermusuhan di dalam komunitas. Dan ketika ia menempuh perjalanan melintasi lautan, airnya menjadi tenang; gunung-gunung memberi jalan; dan panji pada keretanya tak pernah patah—tanda-tanda pemerintahan yang benar, tertib, dan selaras dengan dharma, hingga alam pun seakan turut menyokongnya.

आपःwaters
आपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअप्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
तस्तम्भिरेbecame still / stood motionless
तस्तम्भिरे:
TypeVerb
Rootस्तम्भ्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अस्यof him / his
अस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
समुद्रम्the ocean
समुद्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसमुद्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अभियास्यतःof (him) going towards / approaching
अभियास्यतः:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-या
FormPresent active participle (Śatṛ), Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
पर्वताःmountains
पर्वताः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपर्वत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अश्नम्a stone/rock (mass)
अश्नम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअश्न
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ददुःgave
ददुः:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
मार्गम्a path
मार्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमार्ग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ध्वजभङ्गःbreaking of the banner/flag
ध्वजभङ्गः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootध्वज-भङ्ग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अभवत्was / occurred
अभवत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
S
samudra (ocean/sea)
P
parvata (mountains)
D
dhvaja (chariot-banner/standard)

Educational Q&A

The verse presents the ideal of rājadharma: a king’s foremost duty is effective protection and just governance, resulting in freedom from fear, social stability, and public well-being; such righteousness is portrayed as so potent that it brings harmony even in the natural world.

Bhīṣma is describing a model ruler whose kingdom is free from common calamities and dangers. He then adds hyperbolic-epic signs of that ruler’s extraordinary fortune and merit: the sea calms as he travels, mountains open a route, and his chariot’s banner never breaks.