Shloka 31
Bhīṣma on the Śara-Śayyā: Yudhiṣṭhira and Kṛṣṇa Approach the Eldest for Śānti
Devanagari script
ये हि धर्मा: समाख्याताश्षातुर्वर्ण्यस्य भारत
Translation
Waiśampāyana berkata: “Wahai Bhārata, segala dharma yang telah diajarkan bagi tatanan empat varṇa itu telah engkau ketahui; demikian pula kewajiban yang terkait dengan empat āśrama.”
Word by Word
येwhich (those)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
धर्माःduties/laws
धर्माः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
समाख्याताःdeclared/proclaimed
समाख्याताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-आ-ख्या (क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
चातुर्वर्ण्यस्यof the fourfold varna-system
चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootचातुर्वर्ण्य
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
Speaker
वैशम्पायन उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes