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Shloka 31

कालनिर्देशः शोकनिवारणं च

Instruction on Kāla and the Removal of Grief

तत्त्वं ज्ञात्वा तु सोमस्य विक्रय: स्याददोषवान्‌ | असमर्थस्य भृत्यस्य विसर्ग: स्याददोषवान्‌ | वनदाहो गवामर्थे क्रियमाणो न दूषक:

tattvaṃ jñātvā tu somasya vikrayaḥ syād adoṣavān | asamarthasya bhṛtyasya visargaḥ syād adoṣavān | vanadāho gavām arthe kriyamāṇo na dūṣakaḥ |

Bila seseorang memahami hakikat Soma, bahkan menjual Soma pun dapat bebas dari cela. Demikian pula, memberhentikan pelayan yang tidak mampu bekerja dapat tanpa salah. Dan kebakaran hutan yang dinyalakan demi kepentingan ternak—bila dilakukan untuk tujuan itu—tidak tercela.

तत्त्वम्the truth/reality
तत्त्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतत्त्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ज्ञात्वाhaving known
ज्ञात्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
सोमस्यof Soma
सोमस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootसोम
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
विक्रयःsale/selling
विक्रयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविक्रय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्यात्would be/may be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अदोषवान्blameless
अदोषवान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअदोषवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
असमर्थस्यof an incapable (person)
असमर्थस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootअसमर्थ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
भृत्यस्यof a servant/dependent
भृत्यस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootभृत्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
विसर्गःdismissal/release
विसर्गः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविसर्ग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्यात्would be/may be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अदोषवान्blameless
अदोषवान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअदोषवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वनदाहःforest-burning (setting a forest on fire)
वनदाहः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवनदाह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गवाम्of cows/cattle
गवाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
अर्थेfor the sake/purpose
अर्थे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
क्रियमाणःbeing done/performed
क्रियमाणः:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formशानच् (present passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Passive
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दूषकःblameworthy/culpable (one that taints)
दूषकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदूषक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
S
Soma
S
servant (bhṛtya)
C
cattle/cows (gāvaḥ)
F
forest-fire (vanadāha)

Educational Q&A

Dharma is assessed by underlying principle and purpose: actions that can appear blameworthy (selling Soma, dismissing a servant, setting a forest-fire) may be ethically faultless when grounded in right understanding, necessity, and a legitimate end.

In the Śānti Parva’s dharma-discourse, Vyāsa offers illustrative cases to show that moral judgment depends on context and intent; he lists examples where an act becomes ‘adoṣavān’ (non-culpable) when performed with proper rationale and for a justified purpose.