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Shloka 142

Śuka’s Guṇa-Transcendence and Vyāsa’s Consolation (शुकगति-वर्णनम्)

यदा ह्ाज्ञापयत्यन्यांस्तत्रास्योक्ता स्वतन्त्रता । अवश:ः कार्य ते तत्र तस्मिंस्तस्मिन्‌ क्षणे स्थित:,राजा जिस समय दूसरोंको कुछ करनेकी आज्ञा देता है, उस समय वहाँ उसकी स्वतन्त्रता बतायी जाती है; परंतु ऐसे अवसरोंपर भी भिन्न-भिन्न क्षणोंमें राजासनपर बैठा हुआ नरेश सलाह देनेवाले मन्त्रियोंद्वारा अपनी इच्छाके विपरीत करनेके लिये विवश कर दिया जाता है

yadā hy ājñāpayaty anyāṁs tatrāsyoktā svatantratā | avaśaḥ kāryate tatra tasmiṁs tasmin kṣaṇe sthitaḥ ||

Ketika raja memerintah orang lain, pada tindakan itulah kemerdekaannya tampak. Namun demikian—dari saat ke saat—meski duduk di singgasana, ia dapat dipaksa oleh para menteri penasihat untuk bertindak berlawanan dengan kehendaknya sendiri.

यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
आज्ञापयतिcommands/orders
आज्ञापयति:
TypeVerb
Rootआज्ञा + √पय (caus. of √पा/√पि in sense 'to cause to do/command')
FormPresent, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
अन्यान्others
अन्यान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
तत्रthere/then (in that situation)
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
अस्यof him
अस्य:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
उक्ताis said/declared
उक्ता:
TypeVerb
Root√वच्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Feminine, Nominative, Singular
स्वतन्त्रताindependence/autonomy
स्वतन्त्रता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्वतन्त्रता
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
अवशःhelpless/compelled
अवशः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअवश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कार्यःto be made to do / to be done (obliged)
कार्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootकार्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेfor you/to you
ते:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormDative, Singular
तत्रthere/then
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
तस्मिन्in that
तस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
तस्मिन्in that (each)
तस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
क्षणेmoment
क्षणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षण
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
स्थितःstanding/being situated
स्थितः:
TypeVerb
Root√स्था
Formक्त (past active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्य उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king (rājā)
M
ministers/counsellors (implied)

Educational Q&A

Royal authority is not absolute: a king may appear independent when commanding others, but in practice his decisions can be constrained by advisers and political pressures, so true agency in governance is complex and contingent.

In Bhishma’s instruction on dharma and governance in the Shanti Parva, he reflects on the realities of rule: even a throne-seated king can be driven, at different moments, to act contrary to his own preference due to ministerial counsel.