Shloka 12
Śuka’s Nirveda: Vyāsa’s Admonition on Dharma, Impermanence, and ‘Imperishable Wealth’ (अक्षय-धन)
Devanagari script
नित्यं च बहु दातव्यं साधुभ्यश्चञानसूयता । प्रार्थितं व्रतशौचा भ्यां सत्कृतं देशकालयो:
Translation
Setiap hari, sambil menegakkan laku tapa (vrata) dan kesucian (śauca), hendaknya seseorang—pada tempat dan waktu yang baik—memberi dana sebanyak-banyaknya menurut kemampuan kepada para sadhu, dengan permohonan yang rendah hati dan penghormatan; serta tidak memandang mereka dengan mata mencari-cari cela.
Word by Word
नित्यम्always, daily
नित्यम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
बहुmuch, plentiful (as object: much [gift])
बहु:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
Formneuter, accusative, singular
दातव्यम्should be given
दातव्यम्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
Formgerundive (obligation), singular
साधुभ्यःto the good/virtuous people
साधुभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootसाधु
Formmasculine, dative, plural
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
अनसूयताwith non-censoriousness / without fault-finding
अनसूयता:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअनसूयता
Formfeminine, instrumental, singular
प्रार्थितम्requested (i.e., upon request)
प्रार्थितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रार्थित
Formneuter, accusative, singular
व्रतwith vow/observance
व्रत:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootव्रत
Formneuter, instrumental, singular
शौचाभ्याम्with purity/cleanliness (twofold; instr. dual)
शौचाभ्याम्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशौच
Formneuter, instrumental, dual
सत्कृतम्honoured, respectfully (given)
सत्कृतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्कृत
Formneuter, accusative, singular
देशin (a proper) place
देश:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदेश
Formmasculine, locative, singular
कालयोःin (proper) times (dual)
कालयोः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
Formmasculine, locative, dual
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes